The History Of The

Automobile

Atif
Attique

The History

The first car was built by Joseph Cugnot in 1769. It was powered by a
steam engine and was very slow.
Jean Joseph tienne Lenoir was the first to build the one cylinder
engine, internal-combustion engine, was later patent.
Nikolaus August Otto built the first four cylinder engine.
In 1886 Gottlieb Daimler designed the first four wheeled automobile.
They also created the first v-slanted engine.
Karl Benz, know as one of the founders of Mercedes-Benz, is the first
to build an automobile powered by an internal combustion engine.
Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach with Benzs manufacturing
firm in 1926 to create Daimler-Benz. The joint company makes cars
today under the Mercedes-Benz nameplate, and Daimler Chrysler
Henry Ford, a famous car company founder, designed the worlds
biggest car manufacturer, manufacturing over 15 million Model Ts by
1927
Hybrid cars have also been around since the 1900s.
In the 1900s Ford made more steam and electric cars than it did
gasoline.
The first hybrid commercial truck was built in 1910, and as the
gasoline engine was refined interest in hybrids died down.
As problems with environment and gas process continue, Hybrids are
now a hot commodity in the market place and are now the new wave
of future cars

Engines

Engines are like the heart of an automobile and function likewise.

The engine is made up of seven main parts; the engine block, cylinder
head, cylinders, pistons, valves, crankshaft, and camshaft. The engine
is also divided into two main parts; an upper section and a lower
section. The lower section of the engine is called the engine block.
The upper section of the engine is the cylinder head and falls into
place on top of the lower section of the engine, connecting cylinders
and pistons together
There are a nine types of engines used in today automobiles. v-type
engines, in-line engines, flat (horizontal-opposed) engines, rotary
engines, electrical engines, hybrid engines, and diesel engines
V-type engines are one of the most powerful engines made for a car.
These engines are V-shaped like and have to rows of six or eight
cylinders.
In-line engines are one of the most used engines by car makers today.
The in-line engine usually has six or four cylinders aligned in a
straight row. They are usually found smaller cars.
Flat engines are like v-type engines, except that the engine is
flattened until both banks lie in a horizontal plane. European car
makers like to use this engine.

Engines (cont.)
Rotary Engine is one of the weirdest engines of all. The rotary
engine has no pistons, and uses rotors in replace for the pistons.
Electrical engines are one of the two engines that use electricity to
power cars. When electric motors first came out they required a
lot of space, and a lot of electricity to power them, so cars were
bulky and heavy.
Automobiles that combine two or more types of engines are called
hybrids). A usual hybrid engine is made of an electrical motor with
batteries that are recharged by a generator run by a small gas
powered engine.
Diesel engines are the largest of all engines and are configured
just like an internal-combustion engine but it runs of a different
fuel.

20 Century and Years upon

th

In the 1920s they started to evolve and install synchromesh

transmissions for easier gear shifting; four-wheel hydraulic brake
systems; improved carburetors; shatterproof glass; balloon tires;
heaters; and mechanically operated windshield wipers
In the 1930s car engines and bodies became large and luxurious.
Two styles were created during the time of World War II, European and
American. The European style was compact and small. They liked
their cars to be lightweight and small unlike the American style. Their
cars were made of mostly aluminum and the chassis and framework
was made of steel. The American style was the opposite of what the
European style. The cars were big and spacious inside, because
Americans liked to be comfortable while driving. Their cars were
made with more power, smooth riding and stability, power steering,
and power brakes.
Between the 1950s and 1960s American manufacturers started
making smaller cars, but their engine size and horsepower increased.
By the 1980s Technology started to grow in America because of new
Japanese innovations and imports.
As the 21st century progressed, cars improve and computer
technology began to be utilized in cars. Cars today are now mostly
controlled by computer chips.

20th Century and Years upon

(cont.)
The computer chip manages most of the car systems today. For
instance, the anti-lock brake system is controlled by a computer
chip telling, them when to work.
They also have GPS systems in cars that help provide directions
and guides drivers. Some cars now come equipped with GPS
locator beacons, enabling a GPS system operator to locate the
vehicle, map its location, and if necessary, direct repair or
emergency workers to the scene.
Cars are now made of lighter materials that are quite very strong.

Conclusion

In Conclusion Automobiles have been around

centuries. It all started back when a curious NicolasJoseph Cugnot, designed a three-wheel automobile,
which used a steam engine for an engine. These
were the bread crumbs for later in the future, and
truly that is what they became. Many inventors
followed the bread crumbs and built on what they
knew inventing faster and more powerful engines,
smaller and smaller cars, and more unique cars as
time grew on. Cars have continued to evolve till
today and will never stop because theres always
someone out there trying to be the next Henry Ford
or the next Gottlieb Daimler, or Wilhelm Maybach.
Cars have only evolved for a little bit, and as
technology continues to become better cars will too.

Works Cited
Alexandria, Virginia. Transportation. Canada: The Time Inc. Book
Company, 1992.
Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Automobile."
inventors.about.com. 2006. 14 Dec 2006
<http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarssteama.htm>.
Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Automobile."
inventors.about.com. 2006. 14 Dec 2006
<http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarsgasa.htm>.
Bellis, Mary. "The History of the Automobile."
inventors.about.com. 2006. 14 Dec 2006
<http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aacarsassemblya.h
tm>.
Brain, Marshall. "Introduction to How Car Engines Work." How
Stuff Works. 14 Dec
2006 <http://www.howstuffworks.com/engine.htm>.
Cruikshank, Gordon. Cars and How They Work. First American
Edition. New York,
New York: Dorling Knidersley, Inc., 1992.
"Engine Types," Muscle Car Club. 7 Dec 2006
<http://www.musclecarclub.com/library/tech/enginetypes.shtml>.

Work Cited (cont.)

Fetherston, David. Encarta. "Automobile." Encarta. 1. 2006. <
http://encarta.msn.com>
"Flat Engine." The Free Encyclopedia. 2006. 11 Dec 2006
<http://www.reference.com/browse/Flat_engine>.
MacDonnell, Joselph. "Fr. Ferdinand Verbiest, S.J.."
Mathematics Department. June
2005. Fairfield University. 29 Jan 2007
Straight Engine." The Free Encyclopedia. 2006. 8 Dec 2006
<http://www.reference.com/browse/Straight_engine>.
Westbrook, Michael The Electric Car : Development and Future
of Battery, Hybrid and FuelCell Cars London : Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2001.