TERM:

THE BASIC COMPONENT

OF A PROPOSITION
Reporter:
Anne Sherlly Barra
Joseph Cortez
Marc Raven Nardo

TERM

is considered to be the
outward representation of an idea or
concept.
CLASSIFICATON OF TERMS ACCORDING TO THE
EXTENT OR SIGNIFICATION

1. UNIVOCAL
o.terms are univocal if they exhibit similarity
in meaning or signification, even though,
they are used in at least two occasions.
. For example:
Francis Bacon is a philosopher.
Frederich Nietzsche is a philosopher.

2. EQUIVOCAL
o terms maybe considered equivocal
if they exhibit difference in
meaning or signification whenever
they are used in at least two
occasions.
For example:
Her lover gave her a ring.
The bells ring.

Equivocal terms can be known by considering the 3 processes:

1) Spelling alone - some terms are similar in spelling but the manner of
pronouncing them are entirely different. Consequently their meanings are
also different.
Examples:
resume (biodata) resume (to continue)
lead (metallic element) lead (to go as guide)

2) Sound alone - in some instances terms

maybe the same in pronunciation or
utterances but their spellings remained
to be different as well as their meanings.
Examples:
chick-cheek; sale-sail; hare-hair
3) Both sound and spelling - some terms
may have similarity in sound and spelling
but still their meanings remained to be
different.

Examples:
match-match
ring-ring
seal-seal
3. ANALOGOUS
o terms are analogous if they express partly

the same and partly different meanings

when used in at least two occasions.
Proportionality and attribution are key
factors in understanding analogous terms.
By proportionality and attribution, we
mean that some resemblance in meanings
and used of terms are evident.

For example:
1. orange (a fruit)- orange (color)
These two terms are related to
one another by virtue of their
proportionality and attribution. For
same reason, that the name of fruit
which is orange was taken from its
own color which is also orange.

COMPREHENSION OF TERM
Terms maybe properly
understood
by
considering
their
essential notes or attributes. This is in
reference to the comprehension of a
certain term. Comprehension of a term
is defined as the totality of all the
essential characteristics belonging to
the said term

EXTENSION OF A TERM
Terms may connote individual
things or particulars. These individual
things or particulars are related to the
extension of a term. Extension of a
term is defined as the totality of all the
individual things or particulars for
which the essential characteristics
belonging to a term can be applied.

PROPORTIONAL INVERSE
RELATIONSHIP OF
COMPREHENSION AND EXTENSION
The relationship existing between
the two is attributively inverse in form.
Such is formulated in the statement,
As the comprehension increases, the
extension decreases and as the
extension increases the
comprehension decreases.

CLASSIFICATION OF TERMS
ACCORDING TO APPLICATION OR
EXTENSION
1. UNIVERSAL
-> is said to be a term, which is applied to each
member of a given class.
For example:
All meteors are heavenly bodies.
The term subject meteors has a
universal extension that connotes by virtue of its
quantifier all. This connotes that everything that is
meteor is a heavenly body.

2. PARTICULAR
-> is said to be a term, which is applied to an
indeterminately designated portion of its
absolute extension. By the term
indeterminately, we predicate a thing that is
not absolutely quantified. We cannot make any
assessment as how many are being considered
in the extension of this term. Due to its nature,
logicians sometimes call this as existential.
For example
Some reformists are protagonists.

Here, the subject term reformists is

applied to an undetermined number of
reformists. Whether the term is
applied to three hundred or a thousand
reformists , the answer will always be
speculative.
3. SINGULAR
-> is said to be a term, which is applied
to only one specified object, individual
or group.
For example:
He is a soldier

The term He indicates that the subject is

applied to only one person which happens
to be a male.
Another example:
A bouquet of flower was given to her
The term bouquet
signifies a collection or a group but
nevertheless, it speaks of a specified group
that is why it remains to be singular.

QUANTIFIERS

UNIVERSAL
> all, any anything anyone, anybody, always
> each, every, everything, everybody, everyone
> no, nothing, no one, nobody, never
> whatever, whoever, whichever
> Articles like the, a and an (for universal idea)

PARTICULAR
> some, something, somebody,
sometimes
> few, several, most, majority, plenty
> almost all, almost everything, very
few
> practically all, practically everyone,
practically
everybody
> not all not, not every, not everyone
> The use of numbers like ten percent
or 800 or 1 kilo

SINGULAR
> all common nouns (flower, table, man,
etc.)
> all collective nouns (group, family, flock,
etc.)
> all superlatives (best, worst, excellent,
etc.)
> all personal pronouns (I, you, it, etc.)
> all demonstrative pronouns (that, this,
those, etc.)
> the use of article the (for specific object)