FLOW DIAGRAMS

LESSON OBJECTIVES:
KNOW THE THREE DIFFERENT
TYPES OF FLOW DIAGRAMS
KNOW THE PURPOSE OF EACH TYPE
OF FLOW DIAGRAM
KNOW THE MAJOR FLOW SHEET
SYMBOLS

FLOW DIAGRAMS
THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT
SOURCE OF INFORMATION TO THE
PIPING DESIGNER
REFERRED TO MORE THAN ANY
OTHER DOCUMENT (BY ALL
DISCIPLINES)

THREE BASIC FLOW DIAGRAMS

1. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS (PFD)
2. MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAMS (MFD)
3. UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAMS (UFD)

(PFD)
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM
(PROCESS DESCRIPTION OF PLANT)

1. FIRST DEVELOPED
2. SCHEMATIC DRAWING DEPICTING:
A. MAJOR EQUIPMENT
B. MAJOR PROCESS LINES
C. BASIC INSTRUMENTATION

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

(Sample)
28-B-1
L.O. STILL
REBOILER
379mm BTU/NR

28-D-7
L.O. STILL
60 I.D. X 61-0 T-T
180 PSIG

28-D-B
L.O. STILL
OVERHEAD ACCUMULATOR
48 I.D. X 17-0 T-T
170 PSIG 137 F

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

(Sample)
VESSELS :
Name of equipment
Size of vessel (tangent to tangent)
Important trays and piping
connections
Design pressure and
temperature for
vessel design

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

(Sample)
PUMPS :
Symbol indicates generic pump
(mechanical will define type of pump)
Name of pump

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

(Sample)
EXCHANGERS :
Symbol shows basic type
Duty information
(amount of heat to be added or
removed from the process)
Cooling or heating medium
Ex.: PROCESS
STEAM
WATER

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM (PFD)

(Sample)
INSTRUMENTS :
Only major process control instrument are shown

MFD
MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAM
(MECHANICAL DESCRIPTION OF PLANT)
1.

2.
3.

BIBLE OF THE JOB PRIMARY SOURCE

OF INFORMATION
ALL PROCESS LINES
ALL MECHANICAL & INSTRUMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS

(MFD)
MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAM
1.
2.
3.

DEVELOPED FROM THE PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM

MUCH MORE DETAILED THAN PFD
SCHEMATIC DRAWING WHICH DENOTES AND DEFINES VARIOUS:

INSTRUMENTS
COMPONENTES

PUMPS
VESSELS

HEATERS
LINES
COMPRESSORS
THESE COMPONENTS REQUIRED BY PROCESS OPERATION ARE MANY
AND VARIED, THEREFORE USED BY MORE PEOPLE FOR MORE
REASONS THAN ANY OTHER DRAWING.
SYMBOLOGY IS REPRESENTATIVE OF EQUIPMENT
ALL VALVES ARE SHOWN
DESIGN CONDITIONS GIVEN WITH ALL SAFETY FACTORS FIGURED IN
ACCORDING TO CODE AND ARE USED TO DESIGN THE ACTUAL
EQUIPMENT

4.

5.
6.
7.

LINE NUMBERING AND

SPECING
PROCESS ENGINEER COMPLETES
FIRST DIAGRAMS, PIPING MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION AND FLOW SUMMARIES
PIPING MATERIAL ENGINEER
ADDS SPECIFICATIONS.

PIPING DESIGNER ADDS LINE

NUMBERS FOR EACH LINE.

LINE IDENTIFICATION
Insulation symbol
Line size
Material specification
Number of line
Unit number

Insulation type
Tracing
Quantity & size of tracers

11 - 4A6 Ih ST (2-3/8)
Flow arrow

Pipe Line

Show heat tracing or

insulation

COMMODITY FLOW
UPSTREAM & DOWNSTREAM:

DEVELOPING THE
LINE LIST
PROCESS ENGINEER DEFINES
LINE SERVICE AND
CONDITIONS

STRESS ENGINEER
DEFINES
STRESS REQUIREMENTS

DESIGN SUPERVISOR
COORDINATES THE
DIFFERENT GROUPS

PIPING DESIGNER ASSIGNS

LINE NUMBER AND LINE
ORIGINATION & DESTINATION

PIPE LINE LIST

CONTAINS THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

FLOW DIAGRAM NUMBER

LINE NUMBER
LINE CLASS DESIGNATION
LINE SIZE
COMMODITY (SERVICE)
VAPOR OR LIQUID SERVICE
LINE ORIGINATION AND TERMINATION
PRESSURE: DESIGN AND OPERATING
TEMPERATURE: DESIGN AND OPERATING
INSULATION REQUIREMENT
STRESS CHECK REQUIREMENT
POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT REQUIREMENT
BRANCH REINFORCING REQUIREMENTS
REMARKS (EX: STEAM OUT @ 350 DEGREES)

LINE LIST SAMPLE

Pipe Line List

...continued

SPECIALTY ITEM LIST

(ALSO CALLED ENGINEERED ITEM LIST)
A LIST IS
DEVELOPED
BY THE
MATERIAL
ENGINEER

SP ITEM IS A PIPING ITEM

SHOWN ON THE P&ID
BUT DOES NOT FALL
WITHIN THE PIPING
MATERIAL SPECS

ITEMS THAT REQUIRE FURTHER DEFINITION

TO FIT A PARTICULAR APPLICATION:
STEAM TRAPS, UTILITY HOSES,
STRAINERS, ETC
ITEMS THAT ARE LIMITED OR RESTRICTED
FOR USE IN APPROVED APPLICATION

TIE-IN LIST
...continued

EACH TIE-IN
IS IDENTIFIED
BY THE
PROCESS
ENGINEER
AND SHOWN
ON THE P&ID

EACH TIE-IN IS
NUMBERED,
TAGGED IN THE
FIELD, AND
SKETCHED BY THE
PIPING DESIGNER
AND DESCRIBED
TIE-IN IN LIST

MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAM

SYMBOLS:

TANGENT
LINE

INSIDE BOTTOM
OF VESSEL

H.P.F.S.

HORIZONTAL VESSEL

HEIGHT SET
BY PROCESS

HEIGHT SET
BY PROCESS

VERTICAL VESSEL

MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAM

(Sample)

PROCESS vs MECHANICAL
FLOW DIAGRAMS (Exchangers)

PROCESS
FLOW DIAGRAM

SYSTEMS &
MECHANICAL
FLOW DIAGRAMS

PROCESS vs MECHANICAL
FLOW DIAGRAMS (Exchangers)

PROCESS
FLOW DIAGRAM

SYSTEMS & MECHANICAL

FLOW DIAGRAMS

PROCESS vs MECHANICAL
FLOW DIAGRAMS (Exchangers, cont.)
PROCESS
FLOW DIAGRAM

SYSTEMS & MECHANICAL

FLOW DIAGRAMS

MECHANICAL FLOW DIAGRAM

SYMBOLS:
PUMP DRIVERS

ELECTRIC MOTOR

STEAM TURBINE

PROCESS vs MECHANICAL
FLOW DIAGRAMS (Pumps)
PROCESS
FLOW DIAGRAM

SYSTEMS & MECHANICAL

FLOW DIAGRAMS

CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

CENTRIFUGAL
IN-LINE PUMP

VERTICAL CAN
CENTRIFUGAL
PUMP

PROCESS vs MECHANICAL
FLOW DIAGRAMS (Pumps, cont.)
PROCESS
FLOW DIAGRAM

SYSTEMS & MECHANICAL

FLOW DIAGRAMS

ROTARY
PUMP

RECIPROCATING
PUMP

UTILITY SYSTEMS FLOW

DIAGRAMS
(MECHANICAL & UTILITY REQUIREMENTS OF PLANT BY
SYSTEMS)
A.

B.

C.

INDICATES ALL UTILITY REQUIREMENTS FOR AIR,

STEAM, WATER, ETC.
BRANCHES FROM HEADERS, LINE SIZES, AND
REDUCTIONS ARE SHOWN IN ACTUAL SEQUENCE.
(Important for process engineering when sizing main
headers and equipment.)
SEPARATE DIAGRAMS FOR EACH SYSTEM.

UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM:

(SAMPLE)

UTILITY FLOW DIAGRAM: (SAMPLE)

BUILDING AREA

ETHYLENE UNIT

UTILITIES UNIT

GENERAL:

EO/EG UNIT
80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

PLANT AIR
10-SD-____
TO ETHYLENE UNIT

PLANT AIR
70-SD-2016
FROM UTILITIES
80 - AR_ - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 12"
80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

PLANT AIR
77-SD-____
TO WASTE WATER TREATMENT

80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 3"

INSTRUMENT AIR
77-SD-____
TO WASTE WATER TREATMENT

PLANT AIR
79-SD-____
TO ETHYLENE GROUND
80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"
INSTRUMENT AIR FLARE
79-SD-____
TO ETHYLENE GROUND FLARE
80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"
PLANT AIR
79-SD-____
TO LAO GROUND FLARE
80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"
INSTRUMENT AIR
79-SD-____
TO LAO GROUND FLARE

1. SEE DRAWINGS 00-SD-0002 THRU 00-SD-0006 FOR STANDARD

SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE.
2. ALL INSTRUMENT NUMBERS AND PIPING SPECIALTY ITEMS ON THIS
P&ID ARE PREFIXED BY WBS NUMBER " 80 " UNLESS OTHERWISE NOTED.

NOTES:
1. LOCATED AT UNIT BATTERY LIMITS.
2. LINE SIZES ARE PRELIMINARY.

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 3"

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 6"

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 6"

8" x 6"

6" x 3"

10" x 6"

10" x 6"

3"
VCM UNIT
1

6"

6"
PVC UNIT
1

6"

80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 3
6" x 3"

3"
PE UNIT
80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 4"

6"

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 3"

6" x 3"

8" x 6"

80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

REFERENCE DRAWING

COOLING WATER / SEAWATER UNIT

LAO UNIT

B
A
REV

PLANT AIR
75-SD-____
TO C2/C3 STORAGE

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

INSTRUMENT AIR
75-SD-____
TO C2/C3 STORAGE

80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"

TITLE

B
A

DATE

PROCESSCTRL SYS

PIP

EICS

PROJ

ISSUED FOR IN-HOUSE REVIEW

ISSUED FOR IN-HOUSE REVIEW

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

PLANT AIR
75-SD-____
TO LAO TANKAGE
80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"
80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T01 - 2"

8O - AR - ____ - 12CG0T01 - 2"

INSTRUMENT AIR
75-SD-____
TO LAO TANKAGE

80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

80 - AR - ____ - 12CS1T01 - 2"

PLANT AIR
75-SD-____
TO TRUCK LOADING
80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"
INSTRUMENT AIR
75-SD-_____
TO TRUCK LOADING

PLANT AIR
75-SD-_____
TO GLYCOL TANKING
80 - AI - ____ - 12CG0T85 - 2"
INSTRUMENT AIR
75-SD-_____
TO GLYCOL STORAGE

PIPING AND INSTRUMENT DIAGRAM

UTILITIES AND OFFSITES
INTERCONNECTING PIPING / PIPE RACKS
INSTRUMENT AIR / PLANT AIR
None
06/27/01
C. HOLLOWELL

C2=/C3=FLARE

METERING

80-SD-3008.igr

80-SD-3008

COMMON UTILITIES:

PLANT AIR
INSTRUMENT AIR
POTABLE WATER
STEAM
UTILITY WATER
CONDENSATE
NITROGEN

FDCN:
FLOW
DIAGRAM
CHANGE
NOTIFICATION
(SAMPLE)

INSULATION:

INSULATION:
MAIN USES:
1. CONSERVATION
2. SAFETY
STANDARD CALLOUTS:
IH Insulation for heat conservation
IC - Insulation for cold conservation
IS - Insulation for Personnel safety
IA - Acoustical Insulation

INSULATION INSTALLATION:

Typical details for

insulated sub-in
or tee

Typical details for

insulated ell

INSULATION THICKNESS:

FACTORS AFFECTING THICKNESS:

1.
2.
3.
4.

SIZE OF PIPE
OPERATING TEMPERATURE OF PIPE
CLIMATE AT PLANT SITE
CLIENT SPECIFICATIONS

INSULATION CHART:

PERSONNEL PROTECTION:
USED
ABOVE
150 DEGREES
FARENHEIT

INSULATION DETAILS:
Typical details at support for piping with shoes:

Typical details at support for piping without shoes: