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DOMINANT
APPROACH AND
IDEAS PART 1
Structural-Functional
Marxism
Symbolic Interactionism
Psychoanalysis
Function
The theory of function was developed by
Herbert Spenser lived in 19th and early 20th
century and Emile Durkheim in 19th century.
The whole point of this theory is to liken society
to a living organism complex body parts and
all whose objectives are self-preservation and
self-perpetuation.
Social cohesion and integration are a
matter of high importance in order to keep all
the parts functioning together as a single unit
toward a common goal or purposes.
Functionalism
States that what keeps society together is the
function or role that all parts of a system
perform, assert and play in order to preserve,
maintain, and sustain society for prosperity.
No society would want to destroy itself so that
each and every part, institution and sector,
must perform expected roles and functions.
The indirect benefit for people would be the
promotion of a feeling of solidarity ad unity
among them, which lessen stress and thereby
make them happy and secure deeply inside.
As we say in Filipino,
Ang sakit ng kalingkinan, sakit ng buong
katawan.
Truly, in an organic analogy of society as a
human body, the whole unit will only
function well if all of their parts perform
their expected tasks. If there are
maladaptive parts, eventually they will
contribute to the collapse of society unless
checked by other units or sectors in charge
of correcting or penalizing the erring units.
Structural functionalism,
or simplyfunctionalism, is
a framework for building
theory that sees society as
acomplex systemwhose
parts work together to
promote solidarity and
stability
Dean Worcester
an Ayta
Examine the notion
of difference
between the two
subjects of the
photograph an
American and an
Ayta
How two subject
different?
Structuralism
Emile Durkheim
and Ferdinand de Saussure - SwissLinguist
who were contemporary thinkers of early 20 th century
They were ones who investigated and elaborated on
the so-called hidden structures of human life.
Durkheim basic classificatory structures the binary
categories life that human mind has created make
sense of the world: day/night, male/female,
white/black, life/death and sacred/profane.
Saussure, on the other, saw the basic distinction
between langue and the parole.
Consist of means of
production(materials) and the
social relation of products(owner)
Historical Materialism
Going back to Hegelian dialectics,
using a theory of how society evolves
by Marx
Story of conflict between classes
the haves and have-nots, the ruling
class and dominated class and the
elites and the worker
Modes of
production
Means of
production
Characteristics
History period
Primitive
communism
Prehistory
Ancient mode of
production
Slave labor
Ancient society.
Ruling class exist
Ancient times
Feudalism
Land
Reciprocal
relations between
landlords and
peasants
Medieval Period
Capitalism
Machines, factory
Ruling class
exploiting the
worker class
Industrial,
capitalist society
Socialism
Publicly and
collectively
owned machines
etc.
Production
intended to
directly satisfy
human needs
Postcapitalism
Communism
Publicly and
collectively
owned machines,
factories, and
other productive
perfect and
ideal system of
human affairs
Hypothetical
future
Tatsulok
Discuss among your classmates the
message behind the song. Reflect
particularly on the following lines:
..habang may tatsulok, at silang nasa
tuktok, di mamatapos itong gulo
Can you sense a tinge of Maxist
framework in those lines and in the
content of the songs?
Symbolic Interaction
So every culture has its own
interpretation of an act
For example ang yes sa atin ay
nodding ng head
May ibang culture ang yes ay
swaying ng head
Based on Freuds
formulation
The individual mind is the source of
your subjectivity, created by social
and cultural forces that operate
beneath the level of the unconscious
self.
Saying that even within our minds,
there are facet of ourselves, our
inner selves that we cannot control
but others want to control.
In Freudian perspective,
Socialization, the lifelong process
of learning the way and behavior
appropriate to a particular society, is
not only an external or structural
process but also an internal, mental
process.
is the product of interaction between
inner mind and the outside world.
Socialization reflects the ongoing
conflict.
ID
EGO
SUPEREGO
The conscience
Classical Psychoanalysis
One of the methods by Freud is
psychoanalysis which makes use of a
dialogue between the patient and
psychoanalysis
Bt the way of FREE ASSOCIATION, the
patient talk about his or her experiences as
freely as possible without interruption from
attending doctor.
Slip of tongue(Freudian Slip) expression
of the repressed desires of the ID.
Rational Choice
Institutionalism
Feminist Theory
Hermeneutical
Phenomenology
Human-Environment