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DEFECTS IN TABLETS
BY
ARJUN NARALA
M.PHARMACY, I SEM
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
KAKATIYA UNIVERSITY
WARANGAL.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Defects in Tablets
Defects in sugar coated tablets
Defects in film coated tablets
Conclusion
References
INTRODUCTION
In the normal process of developing formulations,
DEFECTS IN TABLETS
CAPPING AND LAMINATION
PICKING AND STICKING
MOTTLING
DOUBLE IMPRESSIONS
BLACK SPECKS
CHIPPING AND SPLITTING
allowable tolerances
Adjust pressure
lubricant
draft on embossing
Try repolishing punch faces
Try chrome-plating of punch faces
Poor embossing design
Redesign embossing per TSM guidelines, or consult tooling
supplier
MOTTLING
Unequal distribution of color on a tablet, with light or dark
areas standing out in an otherwise uniform surface.
Causes and corrective actions:
Drug whose color differs from the tablet excipients or a drug
whose degradation products are colored.
Use of colorants
Migration of dyes to the surface of granulation during drying
Change the solvent system
Reduce the drying temperature
Grind to a small particle size
DOUBLE IMPRESSION
This problem is encountered with punches that have a
CHIPPING OR SPLITTING
Poor surface finish on punch tips; worn punches and dies
Poor tooling design (e.g., sharp embossing or bisect lines)
Polish punch tips; replace punches and dies
CRACKING OF COATINGS:
Tablet cores that expand, either during or after coating, are likely
UNEVEN COLOR
Uneven distribution of color, particularly with the darker colors,
MARBLING
ORANGE PEEL(ROUGHNESS)
Inadequate spreading of the coating solution
EDGE WEAR(CHIPPING)
Tablet edges are often exposed to
FILM CRACKING
Cracking of film coating occurs when the internal stress
FILM PEELING
During
application of aqueous
coating formulations, cohesive
failure(cracking) of the coating
occurs.
This coating may peel back from
the surface of the substrate and
result in peeling.
Cohesive and adhesive failure( both
linked to internal stress)
Increase the tensile strength of the
film
Decrease the internal stress
BRIDGING OF LOGOS(INTAGLIATIONS)
This
IN-FILLING OF LOGOS
In-filling of logos typically occurs during the spray application
BLISTERING
When coated tablets require further drying in ovens, too rapid
evaporation of the solvent from the core and the effect of high
temperature on the strength, elasticity, and adhesion of the film
may result in blistering.
Use milder drying conditions.
CONCLUSION
Tablets are widely used dosage forms but defects in
REFERENCES
Herbert A. Lieberman, Leon Lachman, Joseph B. Schwartz,
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