Rectenna design

Presented by
Rajesh Kumar Mahli

Introduction
Rectenna

= rectifying circuit + antenna.

It is an antenna that captures and converts
RF or microwave power to dc power.
Types of antenna which are used in rectenna:

Yogi-uda
Microstrip
Monopole
Coplanar patch
Spiral

Continue
Rectifying

In

circuits:-

Single shunt full wave rectifier

Full wave bridge rectifier
Hybrid rectifier

rectifying circuits, mainly diode determines

the RF-DC conversion efficiency.
Diode rectifies RF current in the antenna by
the microwave to produce dc voltage.

Continue..
Shottky

diode are generally used because:-

Lowest voltage drop

Highest speed
Therefore waste low amount power to conduction
and switching.

Motivation:

Energy harvesting is a very important issue towards

the green technology.
Electromagnetic energy which radiates from various
sources like:

Broadcasting radio
TV stations
Mobile telephony base station
Wireless network

Capturing this electromagnetic energy and

converting it to DC power.
This harvested energy can be used to power
wireless sensors and RFID tags.

Continue.
The

use of battery to power devices has

many disadvantages :

Lifetime of the battery is very limited, even for low

power battery requiring impractical periodical
battery replacement
Deposition of battery creates environment
pollution.

Being

green is becoming a big requirement

in these days.

History: The

concept of wireless transmission of

electrical energy was demonstrate by Nikola
Tesla.
And described several way of transmitting
electrical disturbances through natural media.
Heinritch Hertz investigated the Teslas
theory and he has described that

Wireless transmission of energy

Storage of the energy in a capacitor
Energy management over time

Continue

Tesla did transmit power from the oscillator which is

operated up to 100 MW at 150 kHz and the
wavelength is 21 km.
He failed because transmitted power was diffused
to all direction.
In 1930s, high power microwaves (1-10 GHz) was
achieved by invention of the Magnetron and
Klystron
After world war 2 high efficiency microwave tube is
advanced by development of radar technology.

Continue
In

1950s, rectification of microwave signal for

supplying dc power through wireless
transmission was proposed by B.C. Brown.
Conceived at Raytheon, first rectenna was
developed
In which the following components was
present:

Dipole antenna with balance bridge or

semiconductor diode
The output of the rectenna element is connected
to a resistive load.

Continue..

2.45 GHz - transmitting frequency

Minimal attenuation through atmosphere (even in
heavy rain)

In 1968, P.E. Glaser proposed a solar power

satellite(PSP).
A gigantic satellite designed as an electric
power plant orbiting in the Geostationary
Earth Orbit (GEO)

Conversion efficiency:

It is determined by the amount of microwave

power that is converted into dc power supply by a
rectenna element.
In 1977, the greatest conversion efficiency ever
recorded by a rectenna element by Brown in
Raytheon.
Company using:

GaAsPt shottky barrier diode

90.6 % conversion efficiency was recorded
Input microwave power level was 8W

Application : To

power RFID tags(1980,first application in

world)
To power wireless sensor
Helicopter powering
Solar-powered satellite to ground power
transmission
Actuating smart pipeline robot

Low power energy harvesting: Non-conventional

energy sources:

Windmill
Watermill
Solar energy
Biomass energy
Geothermal
Nuclear
Ocean (tidal, wave, ocean thermal energy)