CC603

4.0 PROJECT
ORGANISATION AND
SUPERINTENDENCE

PROJECT ORGANISATION

Any operating organization should have its own structure in

order to operate efficiently. For an organization, the
organizational structure is a hierarchy of people and its
functions.
The organizational structure of an organization tells you the
character of an organization and the values it believes in.
Therefore, when you do business with an organization or
getting into a new job in an organization, it is always a great
idea to get to know and understand their organizational
structure.
Depending on the organizational values and the nature of the
business, organizations tend to adopt one of the following
structures for management purposes.
Although the organization follows a particular structure, there
can be departments and teams following some other
organizational structure in exceptional cases.

 CC603

DEFINITION:

An organizational structure is a framework

of policies and procedures companies use to
break their organization into manageable
groups. This process involves setting specific
job responsibilities, creating a line of
authority for managers and creating a
decision structure for major business issues
or opportunities. A project-style
organizational structure is a form companies
used based on their functional operations.

OBJEKTIVES:

To ensure that all workers work towards

achieving company goals by by allocating task,
role, and responsibilities.
Clarifying communication prosedures between
departmens within the organization.
Relation between groups and individuals to the
departments and groups and individuals to the
organization.
Effective communication, coordination and
integration among deparments.
Minimize the individual influence from othe
rorganization.

TYPES OF ORGANISATION
Simple Structure
Functional Structure
Divisional Structure
Team Structure
Matrix Structure
Product Structure

FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE

A functional structure is defined as a design

that groups similar or related occupational
specialties together. It is the functional
approach to departmentalization applied to
the entire organization.
the functions of operations, finance, human
resources, and product research and
development.

FUNCTIONAL STRUCTURE: EXAMPLE

ADVANTAGES
Function more efficiently when
people with similar expertise,
skills and knowledge work
together in the same
department.
Managing and monitoring
department is easier.

DISADVANTAGES

Problems in coordination and

communication may occur
Departments concentrate too much
on meeting functional goals but not
organizational goals
Conflict between functional
departments.

PRODUCT STRUCTURE
Based on product
Activities and functions used to
produced and msarket a
particular product.

EXAMPLE: PRODUCT
STRUCTURE

ADVANTAGES

Allow specialisation in one product and

become experts in the area.
Concentrate in developing knowledge and
expertise in one product. Different product
different knowledge.
Easier tounderstand their customers
expectation and response.

MATRIX STRUCTURE

Two dimensional working structure.

A project manager from a functional
department may work/report to another
department.
Allows member to information more readily
across task boundaries.
Better cooperation and integration among
employees in organisation.

EXAMPLE

SIMPLE STRUCTURE

Communication, authority, responsiblelity, instruction

etc are from top to bottom

A simple structure is defined as a design with low

departmentalization, wide spans of control, centralized
authority, and little formalization. This type of design is
very common in small start up businesses.
For example in a business with few employees the owner
tends to be the manager and controls all of the functions
of the business. Often employees work in all parts of the
business and dont just focus on one job creating little if
any departmentalization. In this type of design there are
usually no standardized policies and procedures.
When the company begins to expand then the structure
tends to become more complex and grows out of the
simple structure.

ORGANIZATIONAL CHART
BUILDING METHOD
List

the staff
Identify level/ post/ dicipline /skill
Select the best sturcture
Draw the organizational chart
Label each hierarchy
Recheck the organizational chart

KNOW THE DUTIES OF A TECHNICIAN

AND ASSISTANT ENGINEER

Conducting safety meetings

Conducting Incident/Accident investigations
Maintaining both equipment and the workplace
Establishing work methods & providing training
Supervising employees in the performance of task
Explain to workers the legislation that affects
them
Train workers to perform jobs safely
Adhere and enforce safety regulations
Maintain safe workplace

SITE SUPERVISORS TASKS

Initially:
Periodically:
Continually:

INITIALLY:

Job planning
Hazard assessments
Orientation, on-the-job training

PERIODICALLY:
Toolbox

meetings
Site inspections
Investigations

CONTINUALLY:
Adhere to, enforce safety rules
Follow up on corrective action
Monitor workplace
Comply with legislation
Set an example

THE DUTY OF A TECHNICIAN

WITH AN ASSISTANT ENGINEER

An assistant engineer works under the

supervision of a senior engineer and assists
him with tasks on various projects. Assistant
engineers work in a range of large-scale
projects across different industries such as
civil, mechanical and environmental
engineering and usually work as part of a
large team.

Assistant engineers sometimes work in offices

as well as on construction sites. They should
possess excellent written skills and a firm
grasp of mathematical principles. Engineering
projects need to be accurately documented,
so an assistant engineer will be expected to
produce statistical reports, compile key data
on projects and assist with operations
schedules and budgetary reports. He will also
need to estimate project costs in terms of
labor and materials and to file important
contracts and invoices for labor or materials.

An assistant engineer typically makes

frequent visits to a construction site to
conduct field research for later
documentation and to oversee the progress
of a project. An assistant engineer may also
bid for new engineering contracts and
negotiating favorable terms for a client
company. He may also help a senior engineer
in the development of health and safety
policies and work practice guidance, so
workers are consistently working to predefined standards.

An assistant engineer should be an excellent

communicator as she will need to maintain a
working relationship with contractors, coworkers and project managers. He may also
have to liaise with state and federal
representatives, to ensure a project is in
compliance with industry codes and
regulations.

http://www.ehow.com/facts_7156001_definiti
on-project-organizational-structure.html
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Sarimah hanim Aman Shah (2013)
Selangor,oxford fajar,