DO NOW

Think of three words that were popular during the following

decades:
1950s, 60s, 70s, 80s, 90s and now
Think of two words and write down five words that didnt
exist 10 years ago

Project
Remember minimum of five (5) slides
and charts/diagrams for DATA!!?
Due: Presentations begin on
Thursday March 8th

How does Sociology play

a role in
Communication?

Speakers of different languages think

about the world in quite different ways.
This view is sometimes called
theWhorf-Sapir hypothesis, after
the linguists who made it famous - that
we know the world only in terms of our
language.
Language then determines our cultural
reality.

Presentations
Presentations must be complete by
Thursday
Friday: All students will report to
computer lab 223 to do their writing
initiative.

What is the English Translation for

these words?
Tartle
Scottish The act of hesitating while
introducing someone because youve
forgotten their name
Prozvonit
Czech This word means to call a mobile
phone and let it ring once so that the
other person will call back, saving the
first caller money.

 Kyoikumama
Japanese A mother who relentlessly pushes
her children toward academic achievement
Iktsuarpok
Inuit To go outside to check if anyone is
coming.
Mamihlapinatapei
Yagan (indigenous language of Tierra del
Fuego) the wordless, yet meaningful look
shared by two people who both desire to
initiate something but are both reluctant to
start

True Life: Coming to

America
How are Bara from the Czech Republic and
Thimothy from Thailand, (refugee camp from
Burma) different in their reactions to coming to
America?
How are they same?
What obstacles do they face?
What changes in attitude occurred in Bara?
What changes in attitude occurred in Thimothy?
Where do you think they will be in ten years?
How many of you are going to college?
How many of you feel grateful that you can go to
college?

 Schadenfreude
German Quite famous for its meaning that
somehow other languages neglected to
recognize, this refers to the feeling of
pleasure derived by seeing anothers
misfortune. I guess Americas Funniest
Moments of Schadenfreude just didnt
have the same ring to it.
Lappel du vide
French The call of the void is this French
expressions literal translation, but more
significantly its used to describe the
instinctive urge to jump from high places.

Wrap Up
Where you live, what
language you speak and
what time period you live in
determine your cultural
reality
The Whorf-Sapir
hypothesis states that we
know the world only in
terms of our language.
This is why there is often
communication gaps
between: different ethnic

Values and Beliefs

Values are defined as the standards by
which people assess desirability,
goodness, and beauty; they are broad
principles
Beliefs - specific statements that people
hold to be true. Beliefs are learned
through socialization and help shape
how we perceive our surroundings and
how our personality develops.

What is Culture?
Culture is defined as the values,
beliefs, behavior, and material objects
that constitute a people's way of life.
When people travel between societies
or even within their own, they can
experience culture shock, a personal
disorientation that can come from
encountering an unfamiliar way of life.

What are the differences between these two holiday

celebrations?

Norms, Folkways, Mores, Taboos &

Laws
Norms are defined
as rules that guide
behavior.
Proscriptive Norms:
mandate what we
should not do
Prescriptive Norms:
stating what we
should do. They can
change over time, as
illustrated by norms
regarding sexual

 Norms vary in their degree of

importance. Mores distinguish
between right and wrong
Folkways distinguish between right
and rude.

Material Culture
When considering non-material
culture, sociologists refer to several
processes that a culture uses to shape
its members' thoughts, feelings,
and behaviors, symbols, language,
values, and norms.

Non-material Culture
Objects we associate with who we are as
a person, family, society, culture: iPods,
cars, SUVs, houses, nice lawns! ( ha),
clothes, etc.

What is Ideal Culture?

Values and norms are not
descriptions of actual behavior
but rather reflect how we believe
members of a culture should
behave.
Give an example of thisfor
example, smoking is unhealthy and
leads to health problems. Nobody
should smoke.

What are Subcultures?

Subcultures are groups within a group
whose values and behavior are distinctly
differently from the dominant culture.
Different way of looking at life, but still
compatible with the main culture
Occupations, (police, fire, corrections,
medical), Social interests, (Boy Scouts,
hunters, fraternities), Religions,
(Catholics, Muslims, Jehovah Witnesses),
Politics, (gun rights, pro-life,
environmentalists. Ethnicities,(Irish,
Native American, Latino)

What did we Learn?

Folkways
distinguish between right and rude
Proscriptive Norms:
mandate what we should not do
Prescriptive Norms:
stating what we should do.
Ideal Culture:
The way things SHOULD be...not how they are
Deviance:
not conforming to the norm. Relative to time and
place.
Subcultures are
groups within a group whose values and behavior
are distinctly differently from the dominant culture.

Do Now:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

What are PROscriptive Norms?

What are PREscriptive Norms?
What are Mores?
What are Folkways?
What is Ideal Culture?

Nowhand in for a quiz grade!

(insert hearty chuckle here)

What is Deviance?
Deviance: deviating from the norm

Deviance isrelative to time and

placebecause what is considered
deviant in one social context may be
non-deviant in another (e.g., fighting during a
hockey game vs. fighting in a nursing home).

Killing another human is considered wrong except when

governments permit it during warfare or self-defense

Sociological Reasons for

Deviance
Deviance Contributes to Social Change
(Durkheim)
Deviance is an important element of
social change because it offers
alternative definitions to what is
right.
Sometimes the alternative becomes
acceptable and it may even become
the dominant view. (Same Sex Marriage,
Civil Rights, etc.) Today's crime may be
tomorrow's accepted behavior.

Deviance Contributes to
Social Order
Durkheim emphasized the
importance of deviance in society as
a tool for boundary maintenance.
The media, who reports on
deviance and the accompanying
punishment, educates the public
by restating society's rules.

What are the costs of

deviance?
It calls into question our basic beliefs
and ideas: It threatens us.
At a social level it challenges the social
order: the existing web of relationships,
values, reality and meaning
Some form of Control is necessary to
help maintain Order:
Internal/socialization.
External: a system of norms, sanctions
and enforcement

Social Control

Youre

Rewards conformity and

punishes deviance.
Through socialization we
internalize cultural
norms and impose
constraints on our own
behavior.
The "breaking" of an
internalized norm results
inguiltandshame.

Deviance is relative to place

United
States

Canada

Avoiding
eye contact
is
considered
polite

The O.K.
signal
expresses
approval

Thumbs upused for

Someone
hitch hiking,
may whistle
or approving
when happy.
of
something

Whistling
can express
approval, as
in cheering
at a public
event.

United
States

Japan

United
States

Nigeria

Europe

This is a
rude
gesture in
Nigeria.

Whistling
may be a
sign of
disapproval
at public
events.

Asian

When
saying hello
or talking to
someone it
is impolite
to not look
directly at

The O.K.
signal
means that
you are
asking for
money.

Using your
middle
finger is
very
offensive.
Used in
place of
inappropriat

United
States

United
States

 What is Deviance?
deviating from the norm
Is the process of being deviant
mean the same thing everywhere
and in every situation?
No...it varies due to situations and
places. Killing is wrong, but in war its a
soldiers job. Fighting in hockey is a
norm, fighting in Shopritenot so much
What was one reason Emile
Durkheim thought deviance was
necessary in society?
It would trigger needed changes, or
serve to warn others through media.
What are some forms of control
necessary to help maintain social
order?
Internal: values, beliefs, socialization
family/friends
External: rules, sanctions and

Wra
p

Up

What was in your box of

Deviance?

What did you steal?

Does the value of the
item have anything
to do with how
wrong it is?
Does the reason the
person gave change
anything in reference
to how deviant it
was?
What type of controls
prevented you from
doing this again
internal or external?

An analysis of Deviance:
Mertons Typology
Read and answer
questions

Subcultures

Subcultures

What are Countercultures?

Countercultures include groups of
people whose values and norms are
in opposition to the dominant culture.
Challenge the dominant culture
often confrontational. Some are
negative:
Satanists, Skinheads, Hells Angels,
KKK
Some are positive: Hippies
contributed to civil rights,

Countercultures

Can you think of any

counter cultures youve
come in contact with?

What is a Cult
Studies performed by those who believe that
some religious groups do practice mind control
have identified a number of key steps in
coercive persuasion
People are put in physical or emotionally
distressing situations;
Their problems are reduced to one simple
explanation, which is repeatedly emphasized;
(mantras)
They receive what seems to be unconditional
love, Love Bombing, acceptance, and
attention from a charismatic leader or group;
They get a new identity based on the group;
They are subject to isolation from friends,

What did we Learn?

Subcultures are
groups within a group whose values and behavior
are distinctly differently from the dominant
culture.
Different way of looking at life, but
Blend in Conflict with ? with the main culture
Blend In
Countercultures
include groups of people whose values and norms
are in opposition to the dominant culture.
Challenge the dominant culture often
confrontational. Some are negative a few are
positive.
Cults
are organizations that are camouflaged as
legitimate groups but slowly isolate members by

 Reading:
Cultures, Subcultures and
Countercultures
1.What would you consider
the dominant culture in
your community?
2.What subculture do you
feel you fit into?
3.Think about and try to
identify three (3) counter
cultures: locally,
regionally and worldwide.

EXIT QUIZ

 List three (3) recreational

activities/hobbies you participate in now
List three (3) recreational
activities/hobbies your parents participate
in
Are there any rules for these
activities/hobbies?