SHIFT REGISTERS,

COUNTERS, DECODERS,
ONE-SHOTS, CLOCKS,
TIMERS

Shift Registers
A

shift register is a string of flip-flops that

transfers its contents to one another.

shift

registers constructed with jk flip-flops

Counters
A

digital counter is a circuit that counts and

remembers the number of input pulses that have
occurred.

Each

time another pulse input to the terminal

CK of a counter is sent, the number stored in the
circuit moves forward in one.

DECODERS
In

many industrial applications using decade

counters, the system operators set a 10 positions
selector switch to watch" the counter and take
some sort of action when the counter matches the
switch setting.

 The

decade counter

One shots
The

one-shot (monostable multivibrator) is a very

useful circuit in digital industrial controls.

Its

output temporarily goes HI when the circuit is

triggered; then returns LOW after a certain fixed
time.

one-shot is used whenever the situation requires

a certain line (output) go higher in a short time if
another line (the input) changes state.

Clocks
Often

in industrial digital circuits it is necessary to

maintain multiple digital devices synchronized with
each other.

In

other situations, a continuous pulse train is

required to supply counting pulses to a counter if the
system does not generate these pulses naturally while
it carries out its functions.

In

any case, what is required is a circuit that provides

a continuous stream of square pulses. Such circuits
are called clocks.

Down-counters and encoders

Decade

down-counters

Up/down
Decimal

counters
to BCD encoders

Timers
In

industrial control, it is often necessary to introduce

a time delay between two events.

For

example, consider a situation in which two large

engines will start around the same time.

If

both engines are fed from the same power supply, it

is not a good practice to turn on both at the same time
as large motors consume large inrush current at time
of start and continue to consume current above
normal rated current for several seconds after
starting.

 The

motor current drops to normal only nominal

value when the motor armature has accelerated
to its normal operating speed.

During

the time the engine remove this excessive

current, the current capacity of the power line
can be forced.

Such

time is not right to ask the supply line to

start another large motor. Fuses or circuit
breakers in the supply lines open

Summary
SUMMARY

A flip-flop with timestamp responds to the logic signals that are present in their
input terminals synchronous {R and S or J and K) at the time the terminal receives
CK an active transition or edge.

A shift register (shift) can be used to keep track of a feature binary one hand, as
the part moves from one zone to another within of an industrial system.

The combination of a decade counter, a decoder 1 to 10 and a selector switch 10

position, it is useful to detect when there has been a certain predefined number.

A one-shot is useful for sending a pulse of fixed duration when an event occurs
Shooting.

The combination of a selector switch 10 positions, a decimal to BCD encoder and

a down counter, it is useful to indicate to a control circuit how many events allow.

The timers are used to establish a fixed duration of time between an event start
and a resulting event.