Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5:Instruments/AvionicSystems
LessonOverview
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Pitot-StaticSystem
GyroscopicInstruments
CompassSystems
AngleofAttackIndication
StallWarningSystems
AutoFlight
Communications
NavigationSystems
Compasses
AircraftCompassSystem
DirectReading
RemoteIndicatingCompass
Compasses
DirectReadingMagneticCompasses
Theprimaryfunctionofdirect-readingcompassistoindicatethe
directionintowhichanaircraftisheadingwithrespecttotheearth's
magneticmeridian
Itcandeterminethedirectionofthelongitudinalaxisofaircraftwith
referencetomagneticnorth
Themagneticcompassservesonlyasastandbydevice.Itisusedfor
navigationunderemergencyconditionswhenothernavigationsystems
fail
Theoperatingprincipleofmagneticcompassesisbasedonthe
fundamentalofmagnetism,i.e.onthereactionbetweenthemagnetic
fieldofasuitablesuspendedmagneticelementandthemagneticfield
surroundingtheearth
Compass
Geographic
NorthPole
Equator
TheEarthMagneticField
does notcoincidewith
theaxisoftheEarth
Geographic
SouthPole
TheGeographicNorthandSouth
Poleslieonthe
rotatingaxisoftheEarth
Compass
Magnetic
NorthPole
S
Magnetic
SouthPole
Afreelysuspendedmagnet
willalignwith
theEarthMagneticField
Compass
Magnetic
North
MagneticHeading
Magnetic
South
Compass
Magnetic
NORTH
WEST
EAST
MagneticHeading
thedirectionofthe
longitudinalaxis,clockwise
fromMagneticNorth
SOUTH
Compass
W 3
0
24
33
E
12
15
21
Compass
W 3
0
N
3
3
24
E 12
15
S 21
COMPASSCARD
(COMPASSROSE)
Compass
PermanentMagnetisattachedtothe
COMPASSCARD
sothattheassemblyisalwaysalignedwiththe
EARTHMAGNETICFIELD
W 3
0
N
3
N
3
24
E 12
15
S
S 21
Compass
LUBBERLINE
12
15
24
33
S 21
W 30
COMPASSCARD
MAGNETIC
COMPENSATION
SCREWS
Compass
LUBBERLINE
3
3
COMPASSCARD
MAGNETIC
COMPENSATIONSCREWS
33
Compass
FLOAT
COMPASSCARD
(WITHPERMANENTMAGNET)
3
LENS
PEDESTAL
MAGNETIC
COMPENSATIONASSEMBLY
Compass
Thecompasscardcanrotate360onthepivotpoint
andisfreetotiltuptoanangleof20
Compass
FLUID
DIAPHRAGM
FILLERHOLE
Thefluidservesseveralpurposesduetoitsbuoyancy;
reducestheweightofthecardoffthejewel-bearingpivotthatsupports
thecardinordertoeliminatepartofthefriction.
decreasesoscillation
lubricatesthepivotpointonthepedestal
Compass
INTEGRALLIGHTING
Compass
TYPICAL LOCATION OF
STANDBY COMPASS
RemoteIndicatingCompassSystem
RadioDirectionDistanceMagneticIndicator
HeadingIndex
CompassFlag
18 21
15
9 12
VO
27 30
24
0
3
3
ReciprocalHeading
Index
DME-2
HD
G
DME-1
F
AD
CompassCard
RemoteIndicatingCompassSystem
RadioDirectionDistanceMagneticIndicator
HeadingIndex
CompassFlag
DME-1
9 12
27 30
VO
24
ReciprocalHeading
Index
33
18 21
15
DME-2
F
AD
CompassCard
RemoteIndicatingCompassSystem
LEVELLING
SYSTEM
DEVIATION
COMPENSATOR
SLAVING
SYSTEM
AMPLIFIER
PRECESSION
DEVICE
GYRO
(DG)
INDICATING
ELEMENT
FLUXVALVE
DETECTOR
TheFluxValvedetectsthedirectionoftheEarthmagneticfieldandtransmitselectricalsignal
TheDirectionalGyro(DG)providesthestabilizedgyroreferenceforthecompasssystem
ThehorizontalaxisisslavedtotheEarthsmagneticfield
Anydrift(RandomorReal)ofthegyroisautomaticallycorrectedbycontrolledprecession
TheIndicatingElement(eg:RDDMI)receivestheHeadinginformationandprovidesdisplay
RemoteIndicatingCompassSystem
LEVELLING
SYSTEM
DEVIATION
COMPENSATOR
SLAVING
SYSTEM
AMPLIFIER
PRECESSION
DEVICE
GYRO
(DG)
INDICATING
ELEMENT
FLUXVALVE
DETECTOR
TheDirectionalGyro(DG)providesshorttermheadingreferenceforthecompasssystem
TheFluxValveprovideslongtermheadingreferenceforthecompasssystem
TheDGmaybeusedasafreegyroinlocationswheremagneticcompassindicationisunreliable
(i.e.ingeneralatlatitudesexceedingapproximately65)