Environmental & Safety

Engineering

Hirra Anjum
hirra.anjum@uet.edu.pk

Grading Criteria
Theory: (3credit hours)
Quizzes
20 Marks
Mid-term
30 Marks
Final term
40 Marks
Class participation
10 Marks
Laboratory: (3 credit hour)
Project
Lab Quiz
Viva voice

50 Marks
20 Marks
30 Marks

Environmental Pollution
Types of Pollution
Air Pollution:
1. Introduction
2. Eff ects
3. Causes
4. Prevention
Water Pollution
1. Introduction
2. Eff ects
3. Causes
4. Prevention
Noise Pollution
1. Introduction
2. Eff ects
3. Causes
4. Prevention
Land Pollution
1. Introduction
2. Eff ects
3. Causes
4. Prevention
Radio Active Pollution
1. Introduction
2. Eff ects
3. Causes
4. Prevention

Environment

Pollution
Pollution is the result of the action or
presence of a pollutant in a part of the
environment where it is considered to
have harmful eff ects.
Environmental Pollution is considered
as the unfavourable alteration of our
surroundings.

Types of Pollution
Air Pollution
Water Pollution
Noise Pollution
Land Pollution
Radiation or Radio active Pollution

Air Pollution
Air pollution is the introduction of
chemicals, gases and particulate
matter that cause harm or discomfort
to living organisms, or cause
damage to the natural environment

Causes
Industries
Automobiles and Domestic fuels
High Proportion of undesirable
gases, such as sulphur dioxide,
nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide
and VOCs.

Effects
Human health
Animals
Plants
The atmosphere as a whole

Prevention
Drive less, drive smart
Do not Burst Crackers
Choose air friendly products
Save energy

Water Pollution
The Contamination of water with
undesirable substances which make it
unfit for usage is termed water
Pollution

Causes
About 40% of Deaths worldwide.
organic and inorganic industrial wastes
and effl uents discharged into rivers.
a wide spectrum of chemicals, metals,
pathogens, pesticides and petroleum
products.
Many of the chemicals and substances that
are regulated are naturally occurring
(calcium, sodium, iron, manganese, etc.)

Effects
Cholera
Malaria
Typhoid
Aquatic life gets destroyed

Prevention
Rivers should not be used for
washing clothes or bathing
animals in.
Use less water
Use environment friendly
household products
Apply natural pesticides and
fertilizers
Dispose off toxic products
carefully

Noise Pollution
Noise pollution is excessive,
displeasing human, animal or
machine-created environmental
noise that disrupts the activity or
balance of human or animal life.
Noise pollution results in anger,
irritation and anxiety.

Causes
Traffi c Noise
Air craft Noise
Noise from construction and civil
engineering works.
Noise from the Industries.

Effects
Temporary or permanent hearing
loss
High Blood Pressure
Stress
Sleep Disturbance
Colour Blindness

Prevention
Air ports must be away from
residential area.
Do not use car horns unnecessarily
especially in silence zone areas like
hospitals and campuses.
Avoid loud music, which hurts your ears
and others' ears.
Firecrackers are extremely loud. So don't
try and burn them unnecessarily.
Motors, machines and vehicles also
produce loud noises when not maintained

Land Pollution
Land pollution is the degradation of
Earth's land surfaces often caused by
human activities and their misuse of
land resources. It occurs when waste
is not disposed properly

Causes
Household Garbage.
Industrial Waste.
Chemical fertilizers and Pesticides.
Improper sewage treatment.

Effects
People do not follow proper methods
for the disposal of wastes, it leaves
the places look dirty and makes them
unhealthy.
Land pollution indirectly affects the
respiratory system of human beings.
Skin problems are often diagnosed
due to land pollution.

Prevention
More and more land should be
brought under farming
Trees should be planted
everywhere.
Waste matter should be disposed
immediately
Avoid using more fertilizers and
Pesticides.

Radio-active Pollution
The release of radioactive substances or
high-energy particles into the air, water, or
earth as a result of human activity, either by
accident or by design.
Nuclear radiations can penetrate body
and cause irreparable damage to living
cells

Causes
The sources of such waste include:
Nuclear weapon testing or detonation
The nuclear fuel cycle, including the mining,
separation, and production of nuclear materials
for use in nuclear power plants or nuclear bombs.
Accidental release of radioactive material from
nuclear power plants
Sometimes natural sources of radioactivity, such
as radon gas emitted from beneath the ground,
are considered pollutants when they become a
threat to human health.

Effects
Blood in cough
Swelling of bone joints
Lung Cancer
Skin Cancer
Bone Cancer
Eye Problems

Prevention
Avoid Using Nuclear Weapon.
Have Proper Treatment for Nuclear
Waste.
Avoid mining for Uranium.
Properly dispose atomic reactors.

Introduction to
Environmental
Engineering (5th
Edition)
Mackenzie L. Davis
David A. Cornwell

Introduction to
Environmental
Engineering & Science
(2nd Edition)
Gilbert M. Masters

Environmental
Engineering
Gerard Kiely

Pollution
Causes, Effects &
Control
(4th Edition)
Roy M. Harrison