HISTORICAL

EVOLUTION
OF NURSING

1. Period of Intuitive Nursing/

Medieval Period.
2. Period

of

Apprentice

HISTORIC
Nursing/ Middle Ages.
AL
EVOLUTIO
3. Period
of
Educated
N OF
NURSING
Nursing/ Nightingale Era
19th-20thcentury
4. Period

of

Contemporary

Nursing/20thCentury

 Nursing was
Untaught
1. Period
of
Intuitive
Nursing /
Medieval
Period.

and

instinctive.
It

was

performed

compassion

for

of

others,

out of the wish to help

others.
Function that belonged to
women.

 Nursing was
1. Period
of
Intuitive
Nursing /
Medieval
Period.

Viewed

as

natural

nurturing job for women.

Expected to take good
care of the children, sick
and the aged.

 No caregiving training.
Based on experience and

1. Period
observation.
of
Intuitive
Primitive men believed that
Nursing /
Medieval illness was caused by the
Period.
invasion of the victims body
of evil spirits.

 They

believed

that

the

medicine man, Shaman or

Witch doctor had the power
1. Period
to heal.
of
Intuitive By using white magic,
Nursing /
Medieval hypnosis, charms, dances,
Period.
incantation,
purgatives,
massage,

fire,

water

and

herbs as a mean of driving

1. Period
of
Intuitive
Nursing /
Medieval
Period.

Trephining drilling a hole

in the skull with a rock or
stone without anaesthesia
was a last resort to drive
evil spirits from the body of
the afflicted.

 Care was done by

2. Period
Crusaders,
of
Prisoners,
Apprenti
ceNursi
Religious orders
ng /
Nursing care was performed
Middle
Ages
without
any
formal
education.

 By people who were directed

2. Period
of
Apprenti
ceNursi
ng /
Middle
Ages

by more experienced nurses

(on the job training).
This kind of nursing was
developed

by

religious

orders

the

Christian

Church.

of

 Nursing went down to the

2. Period
of
Apprenti
ceNursi
ng /
Middle
Ages

lowest level
Wrath/anger
Protestantism

of
removed

properties of hospitals
and schools connected
with Roman Catholicism.

 Nursing went down to the

lowest level
2. Period
of
Apprenti
ceNursi
ng /
Middle
Ages

Nurses fled their lives;

soon there was shortage
of people to care for the
sick.
Hundreds
closed;

of

there

Hospitals
was

no

provision for the sick, no

oneto care for the sick.

 Nursing went down to the

2. Period
of
lowest level
Apprenti
Nursing became the work
ceNursi
ng /
of the least desirable of
Middle
women

Prostitutes,
Ages
Alcoholics, Prisoners

 Pastor
and
2. Period
of
Apprenti
ceNursi
ng /
Middle
Ages

Theodore

his

wife,

Fliedner
Fredericka

established

the

KaiserswerthInstitutefor
the training of Deaconesses
(the

1stformal

school
Germany.

for

training

nurses)

in

2. Period
of
This was where Florence
Apprenti
Nightingale received her 3ceNursi
ng /
month course of study in
Middle
Nursing.
Ages

 The development of nursing

during
3. Period
of
Educated
Nursing /
Nighting
ale Era
19th20thcent
ury

this

period

was

strongly influenced by:

a. Trends resulting from wars
Crimean, Civil war
b. Arousal

of

social

consciousness
c. Increased
opportunities

educational
offered

to

3. Period
of
Educated
Nursing /
Nighting
ale Era
19th20thcent
ury

Florence

Nightingale

was

asked by Sir Sidney Herbert

of

the

WarDepartmentto

British
recruit

female nurses to provide

care for the sick and injured
in the Crimean War.

Training School of Nurses

opened
3. Period
of
Educated
Nursing /
Nighting
ale Era
19th20thcent
ury

at

St.

Thomas

Hospital in London.
The

school

model

for

served
other

as

training

schools.
Its graduates traveled to
other countries to manage
hospitals

 Nightingale focus vision of

nursing.
3. Period
of
Educated
Nursing /
Nighting
ale Era
19th20thcent
ury

Her system was more on

developing

the

profession

within hospitals.
Nurses should be taught in
hospitals

associated

with

medical

schools

and

curriculum

should

include

 It
3. Period
of
Educated
Nursing /
Nighting
ale Era
19th20thcent
ury

was

the

1stschool

of

nursing that provided both

theory-based

knowledge

and clinical skill building.

Nursing evolved as an art
and science
Formal

nursing

education

and nursing service begun

 Mother of modern nursing.

Lady with the Lamp because
FACTS
of her achievements in
ABOUT
improving the standards for
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA the care of war casualties in
LE
the Crimean war.
Born

May

12,

Florence, Italy.

1800

in

 Raised in England in an
atmosphere of culture and
affluence.
FACTS
ABOUT
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA
LE

Not

contended

with

the

social custom imposed upon

her as a Victorian Lady,
She

developed

her

self-

appointed goal: To change

the profile of Nursing.

 She compiled notes of her

visits to hospitals and her
FACTS
ABOUT
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA
LE

observations of the sanitary

facilities, social problems of
the places she visited.
Noted

the

preventive

need

for

medicine

and

good nursing.

FACTS
ABOUT
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA
LE

Advocated for care of those

afflicted

with

diseases

caused by lack of hygienic

practices.

 At age 31, she entered the

Deaconesses

School

at

Kaiserswerth inspite of her

FACTS
ABOUT
familys resistance to her
FLORENCE
ambitions.
NIGHTINGA
LE
She became a nurse over
the

objections

and her family.

of

society

 Worked as a superintendent
for Gentlewomen Hospital, a
charity
FACTS
ABOUT
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA
LE

hospital

for

ill

governesses.
Disapproved the restrictions
on
and

admission

of

considered

unchristian
incompatible

patients
this
and

with

health

 Upgraded the practice of

nursing and made nursing
FACTS
ABOUT
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA
LE

an honorable profession for

women.
Led nurses that took care of
the

wounded

Crimean war.

during

the

 Put down her ideas in 2

FACTS
ABOUT
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA
LE

published books:
Notes on Nursing, What It
is answer & What It Is Not
and
Notes on Hospitals.

 She
FACTS
ABOUT
FLORENCE
NIGHTINGA
LE

revolutionized

publics

perception

the
of

nursing (not the image of a

doctors handmaiden) and
the method for educating
nurses.

 Licensure of nurses started

4. Period of
Contempor Specialization of Hospital
ary Nursing
and diagnosis
/
20thCentur Training
of
Nurses
in
y
diploma program

 Development

of

Baccalaureate and advance

4. Period of
Contempor degree programs
ary Nursing
Scientific and technological
/
20thCentur development as well as
y
social changes mark this
period.

 Health is perceived as a
fundamental human right
Nursing

involvement

in

4. Period of
Contempor community health
ary Nursing
Technological advances
/
20thCentur disposable
supplies
and
y
equipments
Expanded roles of nurses
was developed

 WHO was established by the

United Nations

4. Period of
Nursing
was
Contempor Aerospace
ary Nursing
developed
/
20thCentur Use of atomic energies for
y
medical
diagnosis,
treatment

 Computers
data

were

collection,

utilizedteaching,

4. Period of diagnosis,
inventory,
Contempor
payrolls, record keeping,
ary Nursing
/
and billing.
20thCentur
Use
of
sophisticated
y
equipment for diagnosis and
therapy.