Ch.

Geometric Modelling
-Curves
-Surfaces
-Solids

Prepared by:

M. J. Savaliya

supervisor or labour
involved in the production of different types of machine, equipments
or tools. Manufacturing
process
mainly used to being the metal and non-metal object (semi
Introducti
finished or raw material)
on
produced
by means of different techniques to the final dimensions
as per requirements.
If we see different objects around us made from plastics, steel or
from other materials that
may not be in natural form or raw form. Objects are made by
transforming the raw material
available in the nature into finished material as per requirements for
useful purpose is known
as process of manufacturing

6M involved in manufacturing process

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Ch. 1
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES

Tr
an

1.Material
2.Machines
3.Men power
4.Methods
5.Money
6.Manufacturing Information System

Manufacturing Process
This is also known as metal shaping process or metal forming
Classification
process.
This process

Primary
Metal
Working
Processes:
encompasses
on use
of force,
pressure or stresses like

compression tension, shear or their combinations to cause a

permanent determination of the material to give it the
required shape.
Rolling
Drawing
Forging
Extrusion
Bending
Piercing

Machining Process

The process of removing the unwanted material in the form

of chip using different types of cutting tools by revolving or
non-revolving work piece/tools from a raw work piece is
known as machining.

Joining Processes
Machining
Process
Joining is process
of assembling of twoContinued.
or more pieces of
metal parts to make functional units or for repair of worm
out or broken parts. The joint achieved may be temporary or
permanent with or without application of pressure.
The most common joining processes are:
l.

Welding
3. Soldering
4. Riveting
6. Pressing
7.Adhesive Joining
9. Screwing

2.
5.
8.

Pouring
Bolting

Sintering

Casting or foundry process involves pouring molten

Machining
Continued.
metal into aProcess
cavity of the desired shape
and size of
product to be produced and allowing to solidity after
solidification the end product is extracted from the
mould.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Sand Casting
Permanent Mould Casting
Die Casting
Centrifugal Casting
Precision Casting
Investment Casting and Shell Moulding

Unconventional Machining Processes:

A large number of new or unconventional
processes have been developed for machining
exotics or for obtaining accuracies and machining
rates better than traditional metal cutting
processes known as unconventional or nonconventional processes.

Machining Process

Continued.

Unconventional processes:
Electrical Discharge Machining EDM
Electron Beam The following are main Machining EBM
Plasma Arc Machining PAM
Laser Beam Machining LBM
Ion Beam Machining IBM
Electro-chemical Machining - ECM
Electro Chemical Grinding - ECG
Ultra Sonic Machining - USM
Abrasive Jet Machining - AJM
Water Jet Machining WJM

Surface Finishing Processes:

Surface finishing which involved to remove negligible
amount of metal or small amount of material to add for
better surface finish to improve performance is known as
surface finishing processes.

Machining Process

Continued.

Unconventional processes:
Sand Blasting
Lapping
Belt Grinding
Electro Platting
Metal Spraying
Anodising
Pickling
Galvanising
Sheradising

Inorganic Coating
Buffing
Honing
Polishing
Grinding
Tumbling
Phosphating
Hot dipping
Parkerising

Machining Process

Continued.

Processes defecting change in properties:

Heat Treatment
Hot Working
Cold Working
Shot Working

Machining Process

Continued.

Factors affecting selection of manufacturing

processes
1. Volume of production
2. Type of component
3. Expected quality standards
4. Properties of component
5. Technical viability of the process
6. Economy
7. Rate of production
8. Limitations on shape and size
9. Surface finish and tolerance requirement
10.Functional requirement of the component

AMachine
machineTool:
which performs the material removal
operation with tools to produce desired size and
shape of the component is known as machine
tools.
Machine tools are the kind of machine on which
the metal removal process is carried out. This
basic definition involves holding the work piece,
holding the tool, moving the tool or the work
piece or both relative to each other and required
energy is supplied to cause the metal cutting.
It is very much important to know the difference
between machine and machine tools. A machine,
which converts some form of input into output i.e.
air conditioners, washing machine and
refrigerator. A machine tool imports the required
shape to the work piece with the designed
accuracy by removing metal from the work piece
in the form of chips

Machine Tool Classification

Purpose of application
1.
General purpose machine tools
2.
Example: lathe, shaper, willing machine
3.
Special purpose machine tools
Example: gear cutting (Hobbing)
Type of motion
1.
Reciprocating type
2.
Example: shaper, planner, slotter
3.
Rotary type
Example: lathe, drilling, grinding

Machine
Tool produced
Classification
Type
of surface
Continued
Production of cylindrical surface
Example: lathe, drilling
Production of flat surface
Example: milling machine, shaper
machine
Degree of automation
1.
Manual control machine tools
Example: lathe, drilling, milling, shaper,
planner
2.
Semi-automatic machine tools
Example: turret and capstan lathe
3.
Automatic machine tools
Example: parallel and
progressive axis machine, automats,
transfer
line machine

Machine Tool Classification

Continued

Type of energy source

1.
2.

Conventional machine tools

Example: lathe, drilling, milling, shaper
Non-conventional machine tools
Example: EDM, ECM, USM, AJM, AWM, etc.

Based on cutting tool used

1.
Single point cutting tool
Example: lathe, shaper, planner, slotter
2.
Multi point cutting tool
Example: milling, drilling, grinding

Types of motions in machining

Primary motion is the result of a machine
tool's speed. In the case of a simple drilling
operation, this is the spinning of the drill bit.
secondary motion is provided by a tools
feed. In the example of a drilling operation, this is
the plunging of the drill bit into the material.
Auxiliary or handling motions to facilitate
the handling and clamping of the work piece in
the machine, advancing the cutting tool to
engage the work piece, positioning it in a desired
orientation with respect to the work piece,
disengaging the tool from the cut, with drawing
the tool and removing the machined work piece
from the machine

Exercise :
1.
Explain in brief concept of manufacturing
2.
Give classification of manufacturing
processes
3.
What is 'Machine' and 'Machine Tool?'
4.
Give detailed classification of machine tools
5.
Explain types of motions in machining

Than
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