Evaluating Milk

Quality
Microbiology-II

Somatic cell counts (SCC):

Low levels of somatic cells are normally found in milk (<100,000 cells/ml).

When mastitis occurs, SCC will increase accordance to severity of the

infection.

Milk production is inversely related to SCC.

Elevated SCC will reduce overall milk quality, reduced cheese yields and
decreased shelf-life of the finished products (due to plasmin effect).

PROCEDURES:

(i) Direct Microscopic SCC (Single Strip step). Pyronin Y-methyl green stain.

(ii) Electronic Somatic Cell Count (particle counter).

(iii) Electronic Somatic Cell Count (fluorescent dye).

Monitoring SCC
Whiteside test;
- No change in consistency: -- No change in consistency but few flecks: +
- Thickening of milk with white flecks: +
- Slight gelatinous with many white flecks: ++
- More viscous with many large flecks tend to clumping: +++
- Very thick with white viscous mass surrounded with clear fluid:
++++
SCM SURF TEST CMT

Mastitis Effects and Consequences

Antiseptic Use
2. Application of Antiseptic Dips or Spray
PVP iodine..properties;
Cheap, with solubolizer/detergent/carrier, slowly release
Iodine,
Work up to pH 4 in presence of organic matter / wastes
Do not sting & stain, water soluble
Bactericide, virucide, fungicide, protozoa: No resistance
developed
Non toxic , non-corrosive

Use with emollient

Guidelines for SCC:

On an individual cows basis, cows with SCC <250,000 cells/ml have a low risk of
being infected with mastitis at any stage of lactation.

Cows with SCC >250,000 cells/ml have an increased risk of being infected.

Almost all cows with a SCC >500,000 cells/ml will be culture-positive for a mastitis
pathogen.

Repeated SCC > 250,000 cells/ml on a consecutive or intermittent basis 2 or 3 of 4

test periods) indicates a chronic infection.

Herd/bulk milk SCC <200,000 cells/ml indicate high quality milk.

Herd/bulk milk SCC >300,000 cells/ml suggest a need to review the dairy mastitis
prevention and control program.

Herd/bulk milk SCC >400,000 cells/ml may be set as limit for penalty.

Brucella Ring Test

Limitations: Late lactation stage, immunized animals, mastitis and fat
globule size.
Procedure:
1 drop antigen to 1 ml milk
Mix by inversion several times.
Incubate at 37 C for 30-45 min.
Rating:
Red cream ring , white milk column: +++
Red cream ring , slightly red milk column: ++
Red cream ring , red milk column: +
Cream layer slightly red or same color as milk column: +
Cream layer slightly red or white and red milk column: --

Sensorial Evaluation
(Organoleptic Analysis)

Sensory or Organoleptic

Use of Sensesto please senses

HedonismLife sole goal is to pleasure without duty?

Measuring pleasure and happiness

Subjective to objectives
Attributes to data/figure

ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION
(HEDONIC SCALE)

Points

Description

Like extremely

Like moderately

Neither like nor dislike

Dislike moderately

Dislike extremely

Color

Taste

Smell

Overall

ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION
(HEDONIC SCALE)

Points

Description

Like extremely

Like very much

Like moderately

Like slightly

Neither like nor dislike

Dislike slightly

Dislike moderately

Dislike very much

Dislike extremely

Color

Taste

Smell

Overall

ORGANOLEPTIC EVALUATION
(HEDONIC SCALE)

Points

Description

10

Like extremely

Like very much

Like moderately

Like slightly

Neither like nor dislike

Dislike slightly

Dislike moderately

Dislike very much

Dislike extremely

Total rejection

Color

Taste

Smell

Overall