SEMINAR ON METHODS

OF IRRIGATION

SACHIN SINGH
108250
C1

CONTENT

INTRODUCTION
NECESSITY
MAIN METHODS OF IRRIGATION
FREE FLOODING
CHECK FLOODING
BASIN FLOODING
BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

CONTENT

CONTOUR FARMING
FURROW METHOD
DRIP IRRIGATION
SUB SURFACE IRRIGATION
THE ZIGZAG METHOD
SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

INTRODUCTION
As the process of artificially supplying
water to the soil for raising crops.
It protects plants against frost action and
suppressing weed growth in the field.
.It is also helpful in dust suppression,
disposal of sewage and in mining.

NECESSITY
Less rainfall
Non-uniform rainfall
Additional water requirement for
commercial or cash crop
Controlled water supply

MAIN TYPES OF METHODS OF IRRIGATION

FREE FLOODING
Irrigation by plots-field is divided into a
number of small sized plots
Water is allowed from higher to lower level
Size of the plots depend on the porosity of
soil.

CHECK FLOODING
Level plot surrounded by checks
Leveled ground-plots are generally rectangular-if
has some initial slope-follow the contours
Method is suitable for permeable soils-to prevent
the excessive percolation losses near the supply
ditches.
For impermeable soils-percolation rate is slow

BASIN FLOODING
Special form of check flooding adopted to
orchards trees.
Basin is formed below the root
One basin for two or more trees and
surface is flooded by ditch water or
portable pipe system.

BASIN FLOODING

BORDER STRIP METHODS

The farm is divided into a series of strips
10 to 20 meters wide and 100 to 300
meters
To irrigate turned from the supply ditch
onto the head of the border
Length of the border-quickly wetteddepends on Infiltration rate of soil,
Longitudinal slope of the land and size of
the irrigation stream available.

BORDER STRIP IRRIGATION

CONTOUR FARMING
Practiced in hilly areas having steep
slopes
Practice of conducting field operations
such as sloughing, planting and cultivating
the land , across the slope rather than up
and downhill.

CONTOUR FARMING

ZIGZAG METHOD
Special method of flooding-water takes
circuitous route before reaching the dead
end.

FURROW METHOD
Used for row crops like maize, sugarcane,
cotton
Only to 1/5th of the surface is wetted.
Evaporation losses are very much reduced.
Length of furrow-3m or less for gardens
Common length-100 to 200m
For soil of low permeability-depth of furrows- 20
to 30cm
Common size-25cm wide and 8 to 10cm deep

FURROW METHOD

DRIP IRIGATION
Known as trickle irrigation
Applied in the form of drops
Flexible pipe lines, operating at low
pressure, applied to plant through drip
nozzles

DRIP IRRIGATION

SUB SURFACE IRRIGATION

Supplying water directly to the root zone of the
crop
favorable conditions- impervious sub soil or
high water table depth, permeable soil such as
loam or sandy loam, uniform topographic
conditions, moderate slopes and good quality
irrigation water
water supply-1/2 to 1 m deep, 25 to 50cm wide
having vertical slides, ditches are spaced 50 to
100cm apart.

SUB SURFACE IRRIGATION

SPRINKLER IRRIGATION
Applying the water in the form of spray
Conditions-land not for surface methods
Excessive slopes, irregular topography,
erosive soil, excessively permeable or
impermeable
Depth of soil-shallow over gravel or sand
Sprinkler system-Permanent, Semi
Permanent and Portable

SPRINGLER IRRIGATION

Cont...
A pump to lift water
Head tank-store water- to maintain a pressure
head of 5 to 7m
Central distribution system-filters the water, adds
nutrients, regulates the pressure and amount of
water to be applied
Mains and Secondary lines- made of
polyethylene, PVC or a alkathylene material
Trickle lines-10 to 20mm dia. PVC pipesperforations equal to the spacing of crop-vary
between 60 to 90cm

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