Pavement

Applications
Engr. Jefferson R. Vallente Jr., CE, M.TSSP, M.EASTS, M.PICE
Asst. Instructor, Civil Engineering Department

Factors Influencing Highway Design

Functional Classification
Design hourly traffic volume and vehicle mix
Design speed
Design vehicle
Cross section of the highway, such as lanes, shoulders and medians
Presence of heavy vehicles on steep grades
Topography of the area that the highway traverses
Level of Service
Availability of funds
Safety
Social and environmental factors

Highway Functional
Classification

Urban Principal Arterial System

C.M. Recto Avenue, serves the major activity centers of
the urban area and consists mainly of the highesttraffic-volume corridors.

Urban Minor Arterial System

Streets and highways that interconnect with and

augment the urban primary arterials.

Urban Collector Street System

Collect traffic from local streets in residential areas or in

CBDs and convey it to the arterial system.

Urban Local Street System

All other streets within the urban area

Detailed Engineering Design

Requirements
High Speed
Highways
Good ride quality
Safe, skid-resistant
surface
Quiet surface
Low maintenance

Good ride quality, accurate

surface level
Bad Ride Quality

Good Ride Quality

Safe, skid-resistant
surface, texture
depth requirement

Quiet Surface, surface

noise, nuisance to the
driver or nuisance to an
adjacent population
General principles:
Large surface protrusions generate high noise
High material stiffness generates high frequency noise.

Low maintenance
Design reliability at
least 90% to 95%.
10% to 5% chance of
the actual lifespan
being less than the
stated value.
Resurfacing is accepted
as a necessity every
10-15 years.

Detailed Engineering Design

Requirements
Urban
Roads
Maintenancefriendly
construction
High-skid-resistance
surface in places
High rut resistance
in places
Low maintenance

Maintenance-friendly
construction
Be possible to cut/break
the road using standard
equipment
Strong PQC is should be
avoided

Backfill to trenches
should not result in a
significantly poorer or
less stiff construction
Pavement should be of
fairly standard type of
construction.

High-skid-resistance surface in
places
Higher than average skid
resistance is typically
specified are at
pedestrian crossings,
junctions, and
roundabouts
Special treatment of
high-friction chippings
stuck down with an
ultra-tough binder

Munro Stanley Portable Skid Resistance

Tester (also known as the British
Pendulum Tester)

Rut Resistance
Use block paving over a
Take extreme
hydraulically-bound base
care to design
asphalt mixtures Use PQC
to resist rutting
Use grouted macadam

Low Maintenance
Disruption of traffic
is a major
consideration in road
maintenance.
Activities such as
surface dressing,
slurry sealing or
retexturing is
acceptable as
disruptions are only
brief.
Reliability should be

Detailed Engineering Design

Requirements
Rural Roads
Adequate ride
quality
Suitably high
skid resistance

Adequate ride quality and Skid

Resistance
For developed countries
traffic speeds are at least
60-100 kph thus ride
quality must be sufficient
Ideally asphalt makes a
good bounding material
If traffic volume is low
enough, roads can be
entirely made of granular
pavements, sealed with a
surface dressing.

Car, coach and lorry parks

Sufficient load-bearing capacity
Maintain an acceptable surface finish

Ports and heavy industrial

pavements
Limit uneven deformation

Airfield pavements
Limit deformation
Ensure adequate skid resistance
Avoid future closures
Resist fuel/oil spillage
Avoid foreign object damage (FOD)