AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution occurs when gases, dust particles, fumes (or

smoke) or odour are introduced into the atmosphere in a way
that makes it harmful to humans, animals and plant.
When we burn fossil fuels and use hydrocarbons from distillati
on of petroleum, the gases given off pollute the atmosphere a
nd cause harmful effects in the environment.
These pollutant gases include carbon monoxide, carbon dioxi
de, sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen.
When we burn fuels, tiny particles of solid also get into the air.
These particles are called particulates. Examples of particulat
e is lead dust and soot.

CARBON MONOXIDE
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and
tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
Carbon monoxide is made up of a single atom of carbon to
gether with 1 of oxygen.
Once created, carbon monoxide can wreak havoc on the
bloodstream, due to its tendency to bond with hemoglobin
and inhibit the blood's absorption of oxygen.

CARBON MONOXIDE
It is produced by the incomplete combustion of solid, liquid,
and gaseous fuels.

Boilers
Room heaters
Furnaces
Charcoal grills
Cooking ranges
Water heaters
Vehicles run in closed garages
Fireplaces
Portable generators
Wood burning stoves

LEAD COMPOUNDS
Lead comes from cars in areas where unleaded gasoline
is not used. It can also come from power plants and
other industrial sources. Like lead paints and pipes.
Some lead compounds are not easily broken down in the
environment.
Lead is hazardous if it gets into our food or water supply
or if we breathe it in.
Small quantity of lead in the body can cause damage to t
he nervous system, especially to the brain in children.

SULFUR DIOXIDE
It is a corrosive gas that cannot be seen or smelled at low
levels but can have a rotten egg smell at high levels.
Sulfur dioxide exposure can affect people who have asthma
or emphysema by making it more difficult for them to
breathe.
It can also irritate people's eyes, noses, and throats.
Sulfur dioxide can harm trees and crops, damage buildings,
and make it harder for people to see long distances.

SULFUR DIOXIDE
When a fossil fuels are burnt the sulfur is oxidised to sulfur dioxi
de gas which escape into the atmosphere.
S(s) + O2(g) = SO2(g)
Volcanoes are also a natural source of sulfur dioxide. The sulfur
dioxide reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form sulfur triox
ide.
SO2(g) + O2(g) = SO3(g)
The sulfur trioxide then reacts with water vapour in the air to for
m a solution of sulfuric acid.
SO3(g) + H2O(l) = H2SO4(aq)

ACID RAIN
Acid rain is rain that has been made acidic by certain pollutants in
the air.

Wet deposition is rain, sleet, snow, or fog that has become more
acidic than normal.

Dry deposition is another form of acid deposition, and this is when

gases and dust particles become acidic.
Both wet and dry deposition can be carried by the wind,
sometimes for very long distances.
Acid deposition in wet and dry forms falls on buildings, cars, and
trees and can make lakes acidic.
Acid deposition in dry form can be inhaled by people and can
cause health problems in some people.

ACID RAIN CYCLE

EFFECTS OF ACID RAIN

Damage
s
building
s
and
objects

Lakes
and
Rivers
become
s
dirty

Harms
Forests

Unhealt
hy
to
human

Damages on Buildings and Objects

Acid rain can also have a damaging effect on
many objects, including buildings, statues,
monuments, and cars.
The chemicals found in acid rain can cause paint
to peel and stone statues to begin to appear old
and worn down.
1908

1968

Effect on Lakes and Rivers

Acid rain causes acidification of lakes and streams.
The acid rain makes the waters uninhabitable and many fish in
such rivers and lakes die.
Acid rain causes poisonous substances to be released from
the soils on the lake and river beds, which makes it impossible
for fish to survive.

Acid Rain Harms Forests

Acid rain contributes to the damage of trees and many sen
sitive forest soils.
Acid rain that seeps into the ground can dissolve nutrients.

Trees that are located in mountainous regions, exposed to

acidic clouds and fog.

Effects on Humans

Acid rain can cause many disease.

CATALYTIC CONVERTER

CATALYTIC CONVERT
ER

Acatalyticconverterisavehicleemissionscontroldevice
that
convertstoxicpollutantsinexhaustgastolesstoxicpoll
utantsbycatalyzingaredoxreaction.

Catalyticconvertersareusedininternalcombustionengi
nes
fueledbyeitherpetrol(gasoline)ordiesel.

catalysthelpstoconvertcarbonmonoxideintocarbond
ioxide.

Itconvertsthehydrocarbonsintocarbondioxideandwa
ter.

Italsoconvertsthenitrogenoxidesbackintonitrogena

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