Uninterrupted power supply

(UPS)

WHAT IS AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY?

AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SUPPLY (UPS) IS A
DEVICE THAT HAS AN ALTERNATE SOURCE OF
ENERGY THAT CAN PROVIDE POWER WHEN THE
PRIMARY POWER SOURCE IS TEMPORARILY
DISABLED
THE SWITCHOVER TIME MUST BE SMALL ENOUGH
TO NOT CAUSE A DISRUPTION IN THE OPERATION
OF THE LOADS

BLOCK DIAGRAM
RELAY
SWITCH

AC SUPPLY

TRANSFORM
ER
(step down)

MCU

RECTIFIER
WITH FILTER

INVERTE
R
(MOSFET
)

BATTERY
(12v DC)

RELAY
SWITC
H

TRANSFORM
ER
(step up)

LOAD

RECTIFIER
Rectifier is a device which converts
AC to DC.
In this model we are using Bridge
rectifier using diodes and capacitive
filters.
Diode specification - 1N5408
Operating voltage - 230 volts
Capacitor
- 1000 F

Operation of Rectifier
In positive half cycle of sine wave, D1
act as a forward bias and D2 act as a
reversed bias.
In Negative half cycle of sine wave,
D3 act as a forward bias and D4 act
as a reversed bias.
Capacitor filter is used to smooth the
output wave form and fed to Load.

Filter calculation
The I/P capacitor is used to maintain a stabilized
dc supply to the input terminal of the regulator IC
can be selected by using the formula.
C
= Il x 6 x 10^(-3)/Kv
Where,
Il
= Maximum load current.
Kv
= Input voltage to the capacitor

Inverter
Inverter converts DC supply to AC
supply.
The conversion process is done using
MOSFET switches.
Firing angle for inverter is given
through Microcontroller

INVERTER CIRCUIT
DIAGRAM

OPERATION OF INVERTER
In the pulse generator pulse is used
instead of Microcontroller to trigger the
Mosfet will be generated for every 10ms.
At First Q1 and Q3 MOSFET will closed and
supplies positive cycle to the load.
And then Q2 and Q4 MOSFET will closed
and supplies negative cycle to the load.

UPS WAVEFORMS

MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller ATmega328 is used to
generate the pulse for transistor
switches.
Microcontroller produce square wave
at 10ms
And also it control the relay

Transformers
Transformers is for step up and step
down the AC voltage.
Same Transformer can be used to
step up and also step down the AC
voltage.

Battery AH Calculation
Formula for calculate the AH of the battery
Iin
=
Watts/(Vin *
Efficiency)
Iin
=
Ampere needed by
inverter
Vin
=
supply voltage
Efficiency
=
Inverter efficiency
to invert DC to
AC(87%typical)
Wattsout
=
continuous output
power of the
inverter