Project management

Project management is the process and activity of planning, organizing,

motivating, and controlling resources, procedures and protocols to achieve
specific goals in scientific or daily problems.

Critical Path Method

CPM is a step by step project management technique for
process planning that defines critical and non critical task
with the goal of preventing time /frame problem and
process. CPM is ideally suited to project consisting of
neumirous activities that intract in a complex manner
Program Evaluation Review Technique
PERT is a statistical tool use in project management which
was design to analyze & represent the task involve d in
completing the given project.
Basically, CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Programme
Evaluation Review Technique) are project management
techniques, which have been created out of the need of Western
industrial and military establishments to plan, schedule and
control complex projects.

The Framework for PERT and CPM

Essentially, there are six steps which are common to both the techniques.
The procedure is listed below:
Define the Project and all of its significant activities or tasks. The Project

(made up of several tasks) should have only a single start activity and a
single finish activity.
Develop the relationships among the activities. Decide which activities
must precede and which must follow others.
Draw the "Network" connecting all the activities. Each Activity should
have unique event numbers. Dummy arrows are used where required to
avoid giving the same numbering to two activities.
Assign time and/or cost estimates to each activity
Compute the longest time path through the network. This is called the
critical path.
Use the Network to help plan, schedule, and monitor and control the
project

Objectives
Stay on budget
Finish on time
Stay in scope
Triple Constraint Model
Create Quality

Introduction to our
project
Kmart
We are running a mart by the name of K-mart. We are
providing local as well as international brands products. Our
mart is divided into different sections. Grocery, Crockery
items, Cosmetics, Toys and many other products.
We have finalized to start the construction of new floor
within few days and it will be the activity of 32 weeks. In 32
weeks the 1st floor will be completely constructed.

Activity

Description

Architecture

None

Walls

Beam for
windows and
doors

Lantern

Stairs

Sewerage &
wiring of
electricity

D,E

Plastering

E,F

Wood work

Electricity
equipment fitting

G,H

Floor design

Paints

Total

Time in weeks

32

Predecessor

E
I

Star
t

G
B
D

End
H

Activity

EST

EFT

LST

LFT

LST-EST

Critical
path

Yes

Yes

Yes

12

12

Yes

12

14

12

14

Yes

14

16

14

16

Yes

16

19

16

19

Yes

19

23

19

23

Yes

23

25

23

25

Yes

25

28

25

28

Yes

28

32

28

32

Yes

14yes

Activity

T
=a+4m+b
/6

Variation(
b-a/6)^2

0.44

0.44

0.44

0.11

0.44

0.11

0.44

0.11

0.44

Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT )

PERT uses the variance of critical path activities to help determine
the variance of the overall project.

A = optimistic time
Means everything is according to the plan.

B = pessimistic time
Means all things are going into negative.
M = Most realistic time

Project variance T=
T T=3.97

A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H-I-J
Project Variance =
1.99 weeks
Z = Z is the number of standard deviation the due date or target date lies from the means or expected
date.
Z=

P(project<=35) =
=(1.507)
0.93319 100
93%
There is a approximately 93% chance that the project will
complete in 35weeks.

P(project will finish <=35) = 0.93319

P(project will finish <= - ) = 0.99

=0.99
=2.33
=

= 2.33

36weeks
We are sure that our project will complete 99% if we get 36weeks.

Budgeted process
Four steps of the budgeting process
Identify all costs associated with each of the activity. Then add these

costs together to get one estimated cost or budget for each activity.
If you are dealing in a large project, several activities can be

combined into larger work packages. A work package is simply a

logical collection of activities.
Convert the budgeted cost per activity into a cost per time period.
Using the earliest and latest start times, find out how much money

should be spent during each week or month to finish the project by the
date desired.