REGIONAL PLANNING PROCESSI

Academic Staff Name:

Dr. Kalthum Hassan
Dr. Ravindra Nath Vyas

Regional Planning Process

Areal unit of planning
Sub-national state
Regional or Local

Development
Economic
Social

Planning
National/regional
Allocative/innovative

The Goal of Regional Planning

A Goal is an ideal and should be expressed in abstract

terms R.C. Young

Examples:
Vision 2020: Aspiration of attaining developed country status
The NPP goal: The establishment of an efficient, equitable and sustainable

national spatial framework to guide overall development of the country

towards achieving developed nation status by 2020
Ten Big Ideas of Tenth Malaysian Plan:
Internally driven, externally aware

10 Big Ideas of Tenth Malaysian Plan

1.

Internally driven, externally aware

2.

Ensuring equality of opportunities and safeguarding the

vulnerable

3.

Supporting effective and smart partnerships

4.

Government as a competitive corporation

5.

Valuing our environmental endowments

6.

Concentrated growth, inclusive development

7.

Nurturing, attracting and retaining top talent

8.

Unleashing productivity-led growth and innovation

9.

Transforming to high-income through specialization

10.

Leveraging on our diversity internationally

Goals of Regional Planning: Issues of Concern

Retaining existing firms, attracting new firms, new

industries and investment

Diversifying employment and generate job opportunities
Enhancing human capital resources
Facilitating development
Improving institutional capacity and capability to grow

competitive communities
Achieving sustainable development

Goals of Regional Planning:

Focus on a mixture of:
Enhancing employment growth and job diversity.
Addressing labor costs and productivity.
Developing the economic base of the communities, particularly

through increasing internal institutional linkages.

Managing locational assets to enhance location inducing factors.
Developing knowledge-based information-intensive industries.

Goals of Regional Development: OECD Initiative

Strengthening the competitive position of regions and of

localities within regions, by developing the potential of

otherwise underutilized human and natural resource potential.
Realizing opportunities for indigenous economic growth by

recognizing the opportunities available for locally produced

products and services.
Improving employment levels and long-term career

opportunities for local residents.

Increasing the participation of disadvantaged and minority

community groups in the local economy.

Improving the physical environment as a necessary

component of improving the climate for business development

and of enhancing the quality of life of residents.

General Planning Process

Formation
Envision
Analysis
Conduct
community
assessment

Initiation &
Organization

Identify local
issues
(SWOT)

Define
goals/objectives
Develop
strategic actions
Finalize
strategic plan

Implementation
Assign
organizational
responsibilities
Formulate
organization
strategic action
plans
Allocate
resources
Development
work programs

Evaluation
Monitor
Review
performance
Analyse impact

Regional Planning Process

Regional Planning:
Inter-Regional planning
Intra-Regional planning
Inter-Regional planning process
The identification of regions/region
The goals and objectives The areas of interventions
Strategies
Policy instruments
The appraisal and assessment of planning goals, strategies and
tactics

Regional Planning Process

Intra-Regional planning process:
Study of the region
Analysis of problems and needs
Working in existing plans and programmes
Gathering information for future plans
Evaluation of likely effects on existing structure
Working out likely rate of sectoral expansion
Analysis of the action to be taken
Land use patterns evaluation

Regional Planning Stages

Stages as sequential processes:
The identification of the problem.
The formulation of goals and objectives related to problem.
The identification of possible constraints.
The projection of future situation.
The generation and evaluation of alternative courses of action.
The production of a preferred plan including strategy and definitive

plan.

Regional Planning Process

Regional Planning Strategies

Strategy:
Chandler (1962) define strategy as "...the determination of the
basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprise, and the
adoption of courses of action and the allocation of resources
necessary for carrying out these goals
Or
A strategy is a plan of action designed to achieve a specific
goal
Or
The science and art of using all the forces of a nation to execute
approved plans as effectively as possible during peace or war.

Selection of Regional Planning Strategies

Criteria of selection:

Goals and objectives

Resource constraints

Type and level of planning

Approach

Economic environment

Politico-social scenario

Environmental concerns

Stage of development

Examples

from Malaysia

Resource and new land development strategy

In situ rural development

Industrial dispersal strategy

Rural urbanization and growth centre strategy

Corridor development strategy

Typology of Approaches to Policy and Practice

The market will deliver the regional and local development
in the form and place that is wanted

Economic
efficiency is
the dominant
aim of the
regional and
local
economic
development

Pro-Business
competition to
attract inward
investment

Ecomodernization

Area
regeneration
and sector
targeting

Pro-poor
economic
development

Social
cohesion and
environmental
sustainability
are as
important as
economic
efficiency

The market will not deliver the regional and local economic
development in the form and place that is wanted

After Hague et al
(2011)

Changing Focus of Economic

Development Policy and Planning
Strategy
Adopted from Robert J. Stimson, Roger R. Stough, Brian H.
Roberts (2006)
Focus of Economic Policy
Keynsian
Thought
Post-war Mid
1970s

1960
Public
Economic
Developm
ent
Agencies

Monetarism Thought
Mid 1970s 1990s

1970
Regulatory
Economic
Developmen
t, Mixed
Economic
Developmen
t

Focus on
Valueadding
strategies.
Incorporatin
g workforce
and
technology
change

1980
Initiative to
reduce
social
disparities
by
incorporatin
g
disadvantag
ed groups
into the
mainstream
economy

Rationalist
Thought
Late 1980s
-1990s

Sustainab
ility

1990

2000

Initiatives to
improve
environmenta
l and overall
quality of life
to attract
highly skilled
workers and
firms

Sustainabl
e
developm
ent

Thanks