THEORETICAL

FOUNDATIONS

Person-Centered Therapy:
Carl Rogers
Main

Ideas: The counselor acts as

genuine, caring person who respects
the needs and abilities of client.
There are 3 core components:
Empathy, Congruence, and Warm
regard. This is ideal for building
trust.

Jungian Philosophy: Carl

Jung

Main Ideas: His ideas are expansive and

challenging. The Jungian concepts of quest for
meaning, individuation and spirituality allow for
depth, holism, and direction in the counseling
process. The counseling paradigm includes:
Quest for Meaning- discussion of clients
experience, the extent to which experiences are
meaningful to them and the sources of meaning
in their life;
Process of individuation- these may include
career, leisure, educational or philosophical
pursuits and personal growth;
Spirituality- could be introduced as an option or a
vehicle of hope and courage.

Adlerian Psychotherapy :
Alfred Adler

Main Ideas: View individuals as having a

need to be connected and united with
others so they can learn to master the
five main tasks that address lifes
problems: building friendships,
establishing intimacy, contributing to
society, getting along oneself and
spiritual tasks. Adler believes and
reflects that humans are free, creative
beings who are able responsibly to mold
their own goals and move towards them.

Transactional Analysis:
Eric Berne

Main Ideas: The client is facilitated to own

his appropriate share of responsibility fr
treatment. He emphasized the use of
strokes. There are 3 types:
Verbal and non-verbal;
Conditional and unconditional Conditional
relates to what do-you are a great
mother. Unconditional stroke relates to
what you are you have a beautiful hair
Positive and Negative- appositive stroke is
one the recipient experience as pleasant. A
negative stroke is experienced as painful.

 Steward

(1989) teaches that

philosophically TA can be
summarized with the following:
People are OK and fundamentally
healthy;
Everyone has the capacity to think;
People decide their own destiny and
their decisions can be reexamined
and changed.

Gestalt Therapy: Fritz

Perls
Main

Ideas; Highlights the importance

of awareness of environment in the
counseling process. Thi sis simply
helping clients become more aware of
what they are doing in an environment
can bring insight to facilitate change. It
also helps clients to become aware of
their present behavior in preparation for
learning and choosing new behaviors.

 Neurolinguistic

Programming :
Richard Bandler and John Grinder

Main

Ideas: help improve skills

in the area of communication.
This is essential to building
rapport.