Contents

1) Objectives of HIRAC
2) Identifying Hazards
3) Identifying Consequences
4) Assessing Risks: Frequency X Occurrence X
Consequence
5) Determining Level of Risk: Significant or not
6) Significant Risks need Further Control Measures
7) Determining Current Control and Establishing
Further Control Measures Action Plan
8) Monitoring Further Control Measures
implementation
9) Reviewing Further Control Measures

PDCA OSH Managements

System
Leadership & Commitment

Policy
HIRAC & Legal
Management
Review

Set Objectives, Targets

and Plan

ACT

CHECK

PLAN

OSH Management Prog

DO
Structure
Responsibility

Monitor

Continual improvement

Identifying Type of work/activities

The work activities should include infrastructure,
equipment, materials at the workplace, whether
provided by company or others, periodic or adhoc operations such as plant cleaning and
maintenance and/or during plant start
up/shutdown and changes or proposed changes
in the company, activities or materials.

The list of activities shall be classified into three

main categories:
Routine,
Non-routine
Abnormal

MIOSH

The classification of work activities shall be

prepared by individual departments and
submit to ESH Department for finalization
of HIRARC register to ensure the
completeness and proper coverage of each
area.

The work activities shall be broken in subactivities. The work activities shall not be
too large or too small as is it would be not
practical.

MIOSH

Group Discussion - Classification of

work activities

Group Discussion Process Flow

Diagram

MIOSH

Hazards Identification, Risk Assessment &

Control
Objectives of HIRAC

To prepare Job Procedures

To identify Hazards from each Job step
To identify Consequences from each hazard
To determine adequacy of existing Control
measures for each hazard
To identify the Significant Risks
To determine further control measures, if any
To implement measures.

WHAT IS HAZARDS ?
ANYTHING WHICH MAY CAUSE HARM ;
Injury or ill health
To employees and others
In the workplace
The environments
May arise from TOOLS or WORK PROCESSES

Hazards Identification, Risk Assessment &

Control
Human behavior, capabilities and human factors
Hazard created in the vicinity of the workplace by
work-related activities under the control of company
Modification to ESH management system, including
temporary changes, and their impacts on operations,
processes and activities
JSA
HAZOP
FMEA
Fault Tree Analysis
Health Records

MIOSH


Type

Biological

Exposedtopathogen

Chemical

Hazard Description

Type

Ergonomic

Repetitivemotion

Exposedtoallergen

Awkwardposture

Chemicalsplashontoskin,eye

Wrongsittingposture

Explosion

Physicalstress

Inhalationofvapour

Vibrationimpact

Inhalationoffume

Computerscreenradiation

Fire

Forcefulhandexertion

Exposedtocarcinogens

Psychosocial

Inhalationofsmoke
Physical

Sexualharassment
Mentalstress

Exposedtoradiation

Electrical

Exposedtoconductivematerial

Excessivenoise

Exposedtohighstaticvoltage

Exposedtohigh/low
temperature

Exposedtohighvoltage

Subjectedtovibrationimpact
Others

Hazard Description

Mechanical

Hit/pokedbyobject/mass

Machineries

Cut/pokedbysharp
object/edges
Unguardedmachine

Snakebite
Fallfromheight
Fallonsamelevel

Drawin

Hitbyfallingobject

Caughtinbetween

Hitbyvehicle

MIOSH

CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS

CHEMICAL

Very Toxic
Toxic
Corrosive
Harmful

Irritant

Explosive
Oxidising
Extremely Flammable
Highly Flammable
Flammable

CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS

BIOLOGICAL
Animals

Wild Dogs , Snakes, Scorpions

Plants

- Poisons, irritants, Rashes

Bacteria

Legionella

Viruses

Influenza, HIV, Hepatitis

Yeast

Cryptococcus

Fungi

Tineas

Parasites Ticks, Gardia,

CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS

ERGONOMIC
Repetitive Work - Prolonged Similar Task
Manual Handling

- Lifting, Pulling, Pushing,

Twisting
Computer Works- Sitting Posture, Eyes Strain
Lighting
Ventilation

- Adequacy of Light
- Indoor Air Quality

CLASSIFICATION OF HAZARDS

PSYCHOSOCIAL

Shift work

- Prolonged night duty

Stress

Violence - Individual, Group

Harassment

- Multifactor
- Sexual, Bullying

Identifying of Consequences

Head injury
Headache
Hearing injury
Eye injury
Respiratory injury
Face injury
Hand injury
Wrist ache
Equipment Damage

Environment
Reputation

Group Discussion Hazard

Identification according to Hazard
Classification and possible
Consequences

RiskAssessment
The risk must be the most harmful for the identified
hazards. Example
Hazard is electricity shock and the risk is fatality

Activity Frequency

Frequency (F)
1

Yearly

Monthly

Weekly

4
5

Daily
Hourly

Numberofoccurrence

1
2
3
4
5

Number of Occurrence (O)

% of
Number of occurrence
occurrence
Very
<1%
Incidenthashappenedintheindustry
unlikely
Unlikely
Likely
Most
likely
Certain

1to9%
10to59%
60to94%
95to100%

IncidenthasoccurredintheCompanyin
thelast10years
Incidenthashappenedand/orrepeatedly
withintheCompanyinthelast5years
Incidenthashappenedand/orrepeatedly
withintheCompanyinayears
Incidenthashappenedrepeatedlyat
designatedareaintheCompanywithina
year

Consequence

Consequences (C) - Severity of Harm

1
2

4
5

Risk
Nature of Injury / ill health
Level
Negligible Noorslightinjuryorhealtheffectincludingfirstaid
&medicaltreatmentor,notaffectingwork
performance
Minor
Minorinjuryorhealtheffectincludingfirstaidcase
&outpatientmedicaltreatmentor,affectingwork
performancesuchasrestrictiontoactivities,orneed
afewdaystorecover
Major
Majorinjuryorhealtheffect,oraffectingwork
performanceinlongertermsuchasprolonged
absencefromwork,hospitalised,disablinginjurybut
recoverable
Critical
Singlefatalityorpermanentdisabilityfroman
incidentoroccupationalillness(iepoison)
Catastrophe Multiplefatalitiesfromaccidentsorillness,or
affectingpersonnelwithinandoutsidetheplant
MIOSH

Risk Category
Risk
Priority
Number
(RPN)
125

Risk

Catego Risk Level

Action and Time Scale
ry
(RC)
I
Acceptable Noactionrequired.Existingcontrol
measures(ECM)tobemaintained.

2659

II

Moderate

6099

III

Significant

100125

IV

Intolerable

MIOSH

Effortsshallbemadetoreducethe
risk.Riskreductionmeasuresshall
beimplementedwithin6 months.
Effortsshallbemadetoreducethe
risk.Riskreductionmeasuresshall
beimplementedwithin3 months.
Workshouldnotbestarteduntilthe
riskhasbeenreduced.Wherethe
riskinvolvesworkinprogress,risk
reductionmeasuresshallbe
implementedwithinonemonth.

HIRA

Activity

Hazar Poten a)F

tial
re
d
Injur qu
y
en
cy

Mech Body
Material anical Injur
transf
y
1
er
using
Forklift

b)No c)Seve Risk

Existing
of
rity of Catego Control
Occur Harm ry
rence
(RPN)
a)X b)
X c)
4
3

12
Policy
Accept Training
able
Compet
ency

Identifying of Current Control

Measures

Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering Control
Administrative Controls
Wear PPE

Is the RISK tolerable ?

IF

YES !

Leave them alone,

But need MONITORING...

IF NO !
Need CORRECTIVE /PREVENTIVE MEASURES..

CONTROLLING THE RISK

IDENTIFYING CONTROL MEASURES

Elimination
Substitution
Isolation
Engineering Control
Administrative Control
Require Personal Protective Equipment

HIRADC

Activity

Hazar Poten a)F

tial
re
d
Injur qu
y
en
cy

b)No c)Seve Risk

Existing
of
rity of Catego Control
Occur Harm ry
rence
(RPN)
a)X b)
X c)

He
Id
an
z a
tifi

rd a n
c d
aR
tio

is
nk

Notc omplywith legal

andothe r
requ iremen ts?

es
Y

nlin ewiththe ESH

po licy?

es
Y

No
I the repos sibletoeliminatethe hazard s?
s

No
Isth ereava ilablete chnolo gyforsu bstitute
t e hazard equip ment/ma chine?
h

No
I the e
s
r any technolo gytoiso latethe
haz ards?

es
Y

es
Y

es
Y

N
o

Isthere any
eng ineerin gdesig ntocon trol
theh azard s?
NoA
d ministrativ e

es
Y

controla ndPPE

es
Y
N
o

Under
c ontrol?
No
Set
Obj ectiv
es, T
argets
and
rogr ams
P

es
Y

Isthe
company
able toprov ide
fi na ncial
requ iremen t?

MONITORING AND REVIEW

HOW EFFECTIVE ARE THE CONTROL MEASURES ?
ANY NEW HAZARDS INTRODUCED ?
HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE WORK PROCESS ?

HIRAC has to be reviewed when:

a) An incident happened
b) Current process/machine is modified
c) New Legal requirement on HIRAC gazzetted
d) Periodically (eg: Yearly or 2 yearly)

Hazards Identification, Risk Assessment & Control

Benefits of HIRAC
1) It could be used as an SOP or SWP
2) Identify hidden hazards
3) Can be used in the On the Job Training
4) Inform employees the hazards, the control measures
and the level of the risks if control measures are not
implemented
6) Useful in Incident Investigation:
a) To determine compliance level
b) To determine inadequacy of the job steps, hazards
and
current control measures
7) Management gets every activity is now documented