Integrating six sigma method on

solid waste management

in DKI Jakarta
Dino Rimantho
Industrial Engineering Department, Pancasila University, Jakarta Indonesia

Introduction

Solid waste management has become an important issue in any

developing countries

Several problem may arise due to Increased rate of uncontrolled waste

generation

Therefore, this lead to various problems such as environmental, social,

public health and politics

Waste management is not only mitigate and reduce the impact of waste
systems, but also involves the incorporation of the value of solid waste

the waste management system has a high important role in public

service and have complex problems.

USEPA noted that the improvement plan to increase new design can be
done with improved methods of approach

There are four types of activities as a preventive measure solid waste,

such as, prevention, reduction, recycling and reuse

Literature review

Six Sigma is an organized and systematic method used for strategic

process improvement and new product and service development

Six sigma is a method that applies statistical and other scientific

methods to minimize defect level

Six sigma method is one of the business strategies that are considered
able to improve and maintain the company's operational excellence

Five phases of DMAIC

Define - A clear statement of the problem to be completed in activities that

will begin

Measure - the team collecting data and measuring the actual performance
related problems.

Analyze - the team will carry out the identification, testing and making
priorities map data and processes in order to characterize the nature and
level of defect.

Improve - is the implementation of improvements through optimization

experiments to reduce and eliminate defects.

Control - the last phase in order to lock in profits obtained with the
implementation of previous phases. This phase is also expected to provide
certainty for the maintenance of improved performance.

Material and Method

The study conducted in the Cleanliness Department of DKI Jakarta

Province.

This study begins by analyzing and identifying the factors that led to the
large amount of solid waste generated, causing the solid waste to
landfill distributed in large quantities every day.

Six Sigma method was adopted and modified from US EPA The
Environmental Professional's Guide to Lean & Six Sigma

This study uses data acquired from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS)
DKI Jakarta in 2009 2013

There are about four people selected as key informants, such as

academics, Jakarta Cleanliness Agency and government officials in
Jakarta. People were chosen to assess the ranking factors that cause the
problem by using AHP.

A questionnaire was used to obtain data associated with the application

of the method of AHP

Result and discussion

1. Define
In order to get a detailed description of SIPOC process used at this stage.
This helps in determining the direction of the process flow and profit or
scheme.
SIPOC
an
abbreviation
Input,management
Process,
and the
Table
1. SIPOC
diagram
of Supplier,
the solid
waste
process
Supplier
Inputof
Process
OutputOutput,
Customer
Customer.
Househol
Organic
Dispossing
Valuable
Industries

ds
Industries
Comertial
Offices
Markets
Roads

waste
Inorganic
waste
Hazardou
s waste

Minimation
Collecting
Transfer
Recycling
Composting

resource
s
Compost
Residual

Landfill
Environment
Policy maker
Human
health

Daily Garbage Production and

Transported at DKI Jakarta
No

Year

Production

Transported

Percentage
Production
Residua
and
l
tranported

2009

9334.38

8026.26 1307.46

0.859

2010

9208.98

7820.34 1388.31

0.849

2011

5597.87

4986.31

611.56

0.890

2012

6356.88

6004.2

352.68

0.944

2013

6513.85

5636.9

876.95

0.865

Source: BPS (2014)

Considering the ratio of waste achieved by the year 2013 about 86.5%
or around 13.5%, there are still unserved

The ratio of waste reduction is required in each period; it needs to be

implemented so that application of six sigma methods of waste
reduction goals can be achieved.

It is assumed that the cleanliness department to improve services by

about 2%, which means a reduction in waste of 2.25% was required.
Thus, this target can be expected sigma level targets.

Measure

In this phase there are several key steps, such as process mapping, data
collection, and counting of sigma level

The use of six sigma maps used to understand in more detail about the
process of solid waste management and the relationship between the
factors.

With the application of six sigma maps are expected to know the stages
that can generate waste.

By knowing the elements of this process, there are several processes

that may affect the rate of waste generation such as, Dispossing,
Minimation, Collecting, Transfer, Recycling and Composting.

Percentage of Garbage
Composition
No.
Garbage
2009
2010
2011
2012
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Composition
Paper
Wood
Cloth
Rubber
Plastic
Metal
Glass
Organic
Batteray
Others

Source: BPS (2014)

20.57
0.07
0.61
0.19
13.25
1.06
1.91
55.37
1.52
5.45

20.57
0.07
0.61
0.19
13.25
1.06
1.91
55.37
1.52
5.45

20.57
0.07
0.61
0.19
13.25
1.06
1.91
55.37
1.52
5.45

14.92
0.87
1.11
0.52
14.02
1.82
2.45
53.75
0.56
9.98

2013
14.92
0.87
1.11
0.52
14.02
1.82
2.45
53.75
0.56
9.98

Pareto chart of solid waste

composition
Figure 1. Pareto chart of solid waste composition
100

100

80

80

60

60

40

40

20

20

0
Composition
Percentage
Percent
Cum %

Organic
53.75
53.8
53.8

Paper
14.92
14.9
68.7

Plastic
14.02
14.0
82.7

Others
9.98
10.0
92.7

Glass
2.45
2.5
95.1

Other
4.88
4.9
100.0

Percent

Percentage

Pareto Chart of Solid Waste Composition

The Yield data collected from BPS are used to calculate the sigma level as follows:
In 2012 the defective ratio was 13.5%,
Then Yield = 1- deffective ration = 1 - 4.25 = 86.5% Therefore, Y = 0.865
Substituting in equation (2), then,
level = -1 (0.865) + 1.5
= 1.1031 + 1.5
= 2.6031

DPU = 1 Y
= 1 - 0.865
= 0.135

DPMO = DPU * 106 = 0.135 * 106 = 135000

As previously assumed that the expected waste ratio target is 2%, then:
DPU = 0.02 Thus,

Yield = 1 DPU = 1 0.02 = 0.98

Target level = -1 (Y) + s

= -1 (0.98) + 1.5 = 3.554

Analyze

This stage is to analyze the root cause of the problem by using a

Fishbone diagram.

This diagram will identify factors such as human, machine, method of

garbage disposal and the environment.

Brainstorming conducted to identify the factors that cause in any of the

factors that affect the solid waste minimization.

Figure Fishbone diagram of factors leading to waste

Weighted main and sub-causes pairwise with AHP

Main Cause

Weight of main
cause

Sub cause

Normalized Weight of
Sub-Cause

Man

0.131

Material

0.054

Machine

0.204

Method

0.526

Environment

0.085

Lack of KAP
Lack of awareness
Insufficient skill of workers
Hazardous waste
Inorganic waste
Organic waste
Old fashion
Lack of maintenance
Insufficient in number
Disposal
Collecting
Transfer
Standard of service
Minimation
Recycling
Accessibility unfavorable
Traffic jam

0.220
0.693
0.087
0.202
0.097
0.701
0.080
0.685
0.235
0.096
0.043
0.131
0.059
0.464
0.207
0.125
0.875

Figure 3. Weighted main and sub-causes pairwise using

Expert Choice

Improve

Traffic jam may be done in several ways, such as, avoid locations that could potentially
occur in road congestion, move or change the time of transport on days and hours that
there are no bottlenecks.

Organic waste, activities that can be done to reduce the generation of solid waste is
especially organic waste by reducing the purchase of goods that are tailored to the usage
capacity.

Lack of awareness and lack of KAP, several intervention approaches from various
parties such as governments, non-governmental organizations, and academia Thus,
interventions in the community are absolutely necessary to influence and persuade the
public mindset towards healthy behavior to reduce waste from source.

Minimation, Reduction of the quantity of garbage at the source directly is the most
practical solution and potentially done to address the problem of solid waste. The method
considered the most conducted in order to enable the reduction of the quantity of solid
waste is a method 4R + 1D. This method consists of Reduce, Reuse, Recycling, Replace
and Destroy.

Control

To monitor the overall implementation of the solid waste minimization

activities

Stakeholders can establish a system that is standardized by the

modification of policies, regulations, procedures and other management
systems.

It aims to provide certainty of continuous improvement. For instance,

using statistical control charts being able to control a process of solid
waste minimization.

It will be able to detect whether the process is under control or not. In

addition, statistical process control also to be able to observe the
consistency of the process and make the process under control.

THANK YOU