06 Emotions and Moods

Organizational Behavior
Arab World Edition
Robbins, Judge, Hasham
Chapter 6:
Emotions and Moods
Lecturer:
Insert your name here
Pearson Education 2012
6-2
Chapter Learning Objectives

This chapter will enable you to:
1. Differentiate emotions from moods and list the basic
emotions and moods.
2. Discuss whether emotions are rational and what functions
they serve.
3. Identify the sources of emotions and moods.
4. Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.
6-3
Chapter Learning Objectives (contd)
5. Describe affective events theory and identify its applications.

6. Contrast the evidence for and against the existence of
emotional intelligence.
7. Apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific OB
issues.
8. Contrast the experience, interpretation, and expression of
emotions across cultures.
6-4
Why Were Emotions Ignored in OB?

The myth of rationality
Emotions were seen as irrational.
Managers worked to make emotion-free

environments.
View of emotionality
Emotions were believed to be disruptive.
Emotions interfered with productivity.
Only negative emotions were observed.
Now we know emotions cant be separated

from the workplace.
6-5
What are Emotions and Moods?
6-6
The Basic Emotions
While not universally accepted, there appear to be six basic

emotions:
1.
Anger
2.
Fear
3.
Sadness
4.
Happiness
5.
Disgust
6.
Surprise
All other emotions are subsumed under these six.
May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion:

happinesssurprisefearsadnessangerdisgust.
6-7
Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect
Emotions cannot be neutral.
Emotions (markers) are grouped into general mood states.
Mood states affect perception and therefore perceived

reality.
6-8
Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect

(contd)
6-9
What Is the Function of Emotion?

Do emotions make us irrational?
Expressing emotions publicly may be damaging to social

status.
Emotions are critical to rational decision making.
What functions do emotions serve?
Emotions help us understand the world around us.
Darwin argued they help in survival problem-solving.
Evolutionary psychology: people must experience emotions

as there is a purpose behind them.
Not all researchers agree with this assessment.
6-10
Sources of Emotion and Mood

Personality
There is a trait componentaffect intensity.
Day and time of the week
There is a common pattern for all of us.

Happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period.
Happier toward the end of the week.
Weather
Illusory correlationno effect.
6-11
Sources of Emotion and Mood (contd)

Exercise
Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed

people.
Exercise helps physical

wellbeing and mental
alertness.
6-12

Social activities
Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive

moods.
Sleep
Poor sleep quality increases negative affect.
Gender
Women tend to be more emotionally expressive, feel

emotions more intensely, have longer-lasting moods, and
express emotions more frequently than men do.
Due more to socialization than to biology.
6-13
Stress
Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods.
Age
Older people experience fewer negative emotions.
6-14
Emotional Labor
Emotional Labor is an employees expression of organizationally
desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.
Emotional dissonance
Employees have to project one emotion while

simultaneously feeling another.
Can be very damaging and lead to burnout.
6-15
Emotional Labor (contd)
Types of emotions
Felt: the individuals actual emotions.
Displayed: required or appropriate emotions.

Surface Acting: displaying appropriately but not feeling
those emotions internally.
Deep Acting: changing internal feelings to match
display rulesvery stressful.
6-16
Emotional Labor (contd)
For Etihad Airways, the use of positive displayed

emotions by airline staff is essential in order to
promote customer satisfaction.
6-17
Affective Events Theory (AET)
An event in the work environment triggers positive or negative

emotional reactions.
Personality and mood determine response intensity.
Emotions can influence a broad range of work variables.
6-18
Affective Events Theory (AET)
6-19
Implications of AET
1. An emotional episode is actually the result of a series of
emotional experiences triggered by a single event.
2. Current and past emotions affect job satisfaction.
3. Emotional fluctuations over time create variations in job
performance.
4. Emotion-driven behaviors are typically brief and variable.
5. Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers
and reduce job performance.
Emotions provide valuable insights about behavior.
Emotions, and the minor events that cause them,

should not be ignored at work: they accumulate.
6-20
Emotional Intelligence (EI)
Emotional Intelligence is a persons ability to:
be self-aware (recognizing own emotions when

experienced);
detect emotions in others;
manage emotional cues and information.
EI plays an important role in job performance.
6-21
Emotional Intelligence (EI) (contd)
EI is controversial and not wholly accepted
Case for EI:

Intuitive appeal; predicts criteria that matter; is
biologically-based.
Case against EI:

Too vague a concept; cant be measured; its validity is
suspect.
6-22
OB Applications of Emotions and Moods

Selection
EI should be a hiring factor, especially for social jobs.
Decision Making
Positive emotions can lead to better decisions.
Creativity
Positive mood increases flexibility, openness, and creativity.
Motivation
Positive mood affects expectations of success; feedback

amplifies this effect.
6-23

(contd)
Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer travels the world

delivering passion-filled speeches to inspire
employees and business partners.
6-24

(contd)
Leadership
Emotions are important to the acceptance of messages

from organizational leaders.
Negotiation
Emotions, skillfully displayed, can affect negotiations.
Customer services
Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers

which, in turn, affects customer relationships.
Emotional Contagion: catching emotions from others.
6-25

(contd)
Job attitudes
Can carry over to home, but dissipate overnight.
Deviant workplace behaviors
Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actions that

violate norms and threaten the organization).
Managers influence
Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and praise

employees increase positive moods in the workplace.
6-26
Global Implications
Do people experience emotions equally?
No. Culture can determine type, frequency, and depth of

experienced emotions.
Do people interpret emotions the same way?
Yes. Negative emotions are seen as undesirable and positive

emotions are desirable.
However, value of each emotion varies across cultures.
Do norms of emotional expression vary?
Yes. Some cultures have a bias against emotional expression;

others demand some display of emotion.
How the emotions are expressed may make interpretation

outside of ones culture difficult.
6-27
Summary and Managerial Implications
Moods are more general than emotions and less contextual.
Emotions and moods impact all areas of OB.
Managers cannot and should not attempt to completely

control the emotions of their employees.
Managers must not ignore the emotions of their co-workers

and employees.
Behavior predictions will be less accurate if emotions are not

taken into account.
6-28
This work is protected by local and international copyright laws and is provided solely for
the use of instructors in teaching their courses and assessing student learning.
Dissemination or sale of any part of this work (including on the World Wide Web) will
destroy the integrity of the work and is not permitted. The work and materials from this site
should never be made available to students except by instructors using the accompanying
text in their classes. All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions
and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of other instructors who rely
on these materials.
6-29

06 Emotions and Moods

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

06 Emotions and Moods

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Organizational Behavior

Arab World Edition

Robbins, Judge, Hasham

Pearson Education 2012

Chapter Learning Objectives

Pearson Education 2012

Chapter Learning Objectives (contd)

5. Describe affective events theory and identify its applications.

Pearson Education 2012

Why Were Emotions Ignored in OB?

Emotions were seen as irrational.

Managers worked to make emotion-free

Emotions were believed to be disruptive.

Emotions interfered with productivity.

Only negative emotions were observed.

Now we know emotions cant be separated

Pearson Education 2012

What are Emotions and Moods?

Pearson Education 2012

The Basic Emotions

While not universally accepted, there appear to be six basic

All other emotions are subsumed under these six.

May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion:

Pearson Education 2012

Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect

Emotions cannot be neutral.

Emotions (markers) are grouped into general mood states.

Mood states affect perception and therefore perceived

Pearson Education 2012

Basic Moods: Positive and Negative Affect

Pearson Education 2012

What Is the Function of Emotion?

Expressing emotions publicly may be damaging to social

Emotions are critical to rational decision making.

What functions do emotions serve?

Emotions help us understand the world around us.

Darwin argued they help in survival problem-solving.

Evolutionary psychology: people must experience emotions

Not all researchers agree with this assessment.

Pearson Education 2012

Sources of Emotion and Mood

There is a trait componentaffect intensity.

Day and time of the week

There is a common pattern for all of us.

Illusory correlationno effect.

Pearson Education 2012

Sources of Emotion and Mood (contd)

Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed

Exercise helps physical

Sources of Emotion and Mood (contd)

Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive

Poor sleep quality increases negative affect.

Women tend to be more emotionally expressive, feel

Due more to socialization than to biology.

Pearson Education 2012

Sources of Emotion and Mood (contd)

Even low levels of constant stress can worsen moods.

Older people experience fewer negative emotions.

Pearson Education 2012

Employees have to project one emotion while

Can be very damaging and lead to burnout.

Pearson Education 2012