MAGNETIC BEARINGS

AKHIL THAMPI
M7B
7405
GUIDE: Prof. PARAMESWARAN.S

INTRODUCTION
Bearings
A bearing is a device to allow constrained relative motion between
two or more parts, typically rotation or linear movement.

Magnetic Bearing
A magnetic bearing is a bearing which supports a load using
magnetic levitation.
Magnetic bearings support moving machinery without physical
contact, for example, they can levitate a rotating shaft and permit
relative motion without friction or wear.

Principal of operation :Magnetic levitation

Magnetic levitation, maglev, or
magnetic suspension is a method
by which an object is suspended
with no support other than
magnetic fields.
Magnetic pressure is used to
counteract the effects of the
gravitational and any other
accelerations.

How magnetic bearing differs from conventional bearing?

Magnetic bearing

NON-CONTACTING
TECHNOLOGY.
LUBRICATION IS
ELIMINATED.

Conventional bearing

CLASSSIFICATION OF MAGNETIC BEARING

According to
Control action
-Active
-Passive
-Hybrid

Load supported
-Axial or Thrust
-Radial or Journel
-Conical

Forcing action
-Repulsive
-Attractive

Magnetic effect
-Electro magnetic
-Electro dynamic

Sensing action
-Sensor sensing
-Self sensing

Application
-Prcision flotors
-Linear motors
-Levitated rotors
-Bearingless motors
-Contactless Geartrains

ACTIVE MAGNETIC BEARING

Basic set-up of an active magnetic bearing carrying a rotor load

Magnetic bearing system incorporates 3 technologies

Bearing & sensors
The control system
Control algorithms

 In magnetic bearing ,stationary electromagnets are positioned

around the rotating assembly (the rotor) in a stationary component
(the stator).
The rotor spins within a magnetic field within the stator, and the two
components never come in contact with each other.
Typically, two radial bearings support and position the shaft in
lateral (radial) directions and one thrust bearing supports and
positions the shaft in the longitudinal (axial) direction
A shaft completely supported by magnetic bearings is called a fiveaxis arrangement. The bearings react to motion, detected by
position sensors, along the three translational axes and two
angular axes.
The properties of electromagnets allow the magnetic bearing to
offer little frictional resistance to motion along the rotational axis,
which eliminates the need for lubrication and lubrication systems
(pumps, sumps, valves, etc.).

 The position of the shaft is always centred in its stator, so that contact
cannot occur, through a closed-loop feedback system consisting of:
Position Sensors
Digital Controller
Power Amplifier
Position sensors on the stator detect local displacements from the
shaft
A digital controller receives signals from the position sensor and
processes them, calculating how to redistribute electromagnetic
currents to keep the shaft centered
Power amplifiers in the controller adjust the electromagnetic
currents to carry out the controllers calculations by slightly moving
the shaft.
A control algorithm determines what calculations the controller will
make.
The sensor-control-amplifier control cycle is repeated 15,000 times
per second

Why use magnetic bearings?

Reliable performance under extreme conditions.
Allows high speed of the spindle (upto 30000 rpm),only
limited by peripheral velocity of the rotor(about 200 m/s)
Increased product life.
Greener and safer operation.
Eliminate physical contact between rotating and stationary
components
Eliminate Lubrication System Contamination
Reduce Operating Costs
Simplify Maintenance
Offer real time monitoring of your system performance for
predictive maintenance to optimize your installations

APPLICATIONS OF MAGNETIC BEARING

Turbo molecular pumps
Blood pumps

Energy storage flywheels

High precision position system
Smart aero engines

Test rig for high speed tyres

Turbo machines

Molecular beam choppers

Magnarails and maglev system

Variable speed spindle

Pipeline compressor
Active magnetic dampers

Elastic rotor control

Contact free linear guides

Schematic structure of a
VAW Turbine with magnetic
bearings

Large test rig for testing high-speed

tires, with a magnetically suspended
drum representing a road track,
using AMB elements from MAGLEVtechniques. Diameter 6m, maximum
driving speed 300 km/h

Limitations : Larger bearings.

Higher complexity.
Higher cost of construction.
Requires electrical power.

A NEW DESIGN TO REDUCE THE COMPLEXITY

Active control is only in axial direction

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PROPOSED MAGNETIC BEARING

For FeBa annular magnets (J = 0.25T, axial magnetization, S =
63mm2, p = 84.8mm and a = 7mm)

Radial force vs displacement

Axial force vs gap

Impulse force response

Rotor vibration in radial

direction at 0 rpm

Due to the impulse, the

rotor displaces from its
nominal position but
restores this position
rapidly showing its
capability to attenuate
vibrations.

due to electrical noises of

the sensor and of the
electronic circuit of the
controller

Prototype of the magnetic bearing

Vibration of the rotor at 50 rpm

Vibration of the rotor at 500 rpm

 improvement of the radial stiffness of the bearing can be

achieved by adding two more permanent magnets to each side of
the bearing

Version of bearing with 6 magnets

CONCLUSION
A concept of magnetic bearing with active control in
only axial direction is presented
Other degrees of freedom are restricted only by the
action of permanent magnets that operate in attraction
mode
the bearing is capable of:
(a) suspended its rotor in a stable way
(b) keep the rotor in a fixed axial position with an
accuracy of 2micrometre at 50rpm and
(c) execute fast and precise positioning of the rotor in
axial direction
Although the presented prototype does not show an
enough radial stiffness for some practical application,
this can be improved by optimizing characteristics of
permanent magnets

REFERENCES

Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences

Single axis controlled attraction type magnetic
bearing-O. HorikawaI; I. da SilvaII
Schweitzer, G (2002). "Active Magnetic
Bearings Chances and Limitations
www.sciencedirect.com
Magnetic Bearings-Jeffrey Hillyard
Introduction to Magnetic Bearings -Jagu Srinivasa Rao

Thank
You

Questions..?