MARIA ZEB AWAN

SP12-BES-006

NATURAL GAS

CONTENTS
Definition
History
Properties
Energy in natural gas
Composition
Types
Formation
Location
Uses of natural gas
Complete and incomplete combustion of natural gas
CNG
Advantages and disadvantages of natural gas
Natural gas in the world
Natural gas in Pakistan
Conclusion
References

DEFINITION
Natural gas is a fossil fuel formed when layers of
decomposing plant and animal matter are exposed to
intense heat and pressure over thousands of years.

HISTORY
Natural gas was first used in America in 1816 in

Baltimore to fuel street lamps. Then, in 1821,

William Hart dug the first natural gas well outside
the town of Fredonia, New York. Hart then formed
the nation's first natural gas company,
Fredonia Gas Light Company, in 1858.

PROPERTIES OF NATURAL GAS

Natural gas is odorless
Colorless
The slightly sour smell that we associate with the

gas coming from a stovetop is due to an

odorization process (for safety and leak detection)

ENERGY IN NATRAL GAS

The energy that the plants originally obtained from

the sun is stored in the form of chemical bonds in

natural gas.
Natural gas is a nonrenewable resource because it
cannot be replenished on a human time frame

COMPOSITION
Natural gas is a hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting

primarily of
methane, commonly includes
varying amounts of other higher alkanes
main source of helium(2-7%)
lesser percentage of carbon dioxide
Nitrogen
hydrogen sulfide.

FORMATION OF NATURAL GAS

Natural gas is a fossil fuel
When the dinosaurs and the plants they ate died, the

remains were buried under many layers of rock and

soil. Over time, the tremendous heat and pressure
created by the layers of earth turned the animal and
plant matter into natural gas and petroleum (oil).
That's why natural gas is called a "fossil fuel.

FORMATION (cont.)

LOCATION OF NATURAL GAS

Natural gas coming out of the ground

in Taiwan

USES OF NATURAL GAS

Natural gas is an energy source often used for
heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also
used as fuel for vehicles and as a chemical feedstock
in the manufacture of plastics and other
commercially important organic chemicals.

COMBUSTION OF NATURAL GAS

When we say that natural gas is combustible, we are
really just saying that it can be oxidized in a way that
releases energy. The simplest form of combustion is
for methane, which reacts with oxygen to form
carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

INCOMPLETE COMBUSTION
Incomplete combustion of natural gas releases

carbon monoxide that is harmful for humans ,

animals and environment.
Carboxyhaemoglobin

COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS

Compressed natural gas (CNG) (methane stored

at high pressure) can be used in place of gasoline

(petrol), Diesel fuel and propane/LPG.
CNG is made by compressing natural gas (which is
mainly composed of methane, CH4), to less than 1
percent of the volume it occupies at standard
atmospheric pressure. It is stored and distributed in
hard containers at a pressure of 2025 MPa (2,900
3,600 psi), usually in cylindrical or spherical shapes.

NC TO CNG

LIQUID NATURAL GAS

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is natural gas

(predominantly methane, CH4) that has been

converted to liquid form for ease of storage or
transport. It takes up about 1/600th the volume of
natural gas in the gaseous state. It is odorless,
colorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

OF NATURAL GAS

Natural gas in the world

NATURAL GAS IN THE WORLD

NATURAL GAS IN PAKISTAN

Natural gas in Pakistan (cont.)

CONCLUSION
Natural gas is a non renewable resource . It is highly

useful in producing enormous amount of energy by

process of burning. It useful in producing low cost
energy but its extraction and processing is expensive.
it is harmful to environment due to production of
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. It is present in
different areas in the world mainly in Russia and
middle east where as in Pakistan it is mainly located
in Sindh province of Pakistan. It can be transformed
into compressed and liquid form for different
purposes.

REFERENCES
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=LNG
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=solar+energy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_g

as
https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=lng+process
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compressed_natural
_gas
https://www.google.com.pk/search?
q=formation+of+natural+gas