omputing Applications for Engineers (ENG2314 / ENG60104)

Introduction
to MATLAB

Addition

MATLAB as
Calculator
Rules

Subtraction

+
-

Multiplication *
Divide

Follow the usual order of

evaluation, i.e., brackets,
then power, then
multiplication or division,
then addition or
subtraction

Addition

MATLAB as
Calculator

Subtraction

+
-

Multiplication *
Divide

Example

Example

x=+
5 *3

2/2-10

2
x=11

ans=-9

Example
y=(5+3)*2
y=16
4

MATLAB as
Calculator
Basic scalar arithmetic operations
Matlab
Command
Exponential
Multiplication
Right division (Divide)
Left division
Addition
Subtraction

^
*
/

a
a
a

b
b
b

\
+

a
a

b
b

b
5

MATLAB as
Calculator
Basic scalar arithmetic operations
Matlab
Command
Exponential
Multiplication
Right division (Divide)
Left division
Addition
Subtraction

*
/

a^b
a* b
a/ b

\
+

a\ b
a+b

a- b

Variable
Variables are a fundamental concept in MATLAB.
To assign variable in MATLAB, = sign is used
e.g.,
x=1
y=sin(x)
It is case sensitive (e.g., NAME, Name, name)

Example

The volume of a
cylinder of height h
and a radius r is given
by
. A
particular cylindrical
tank is 150 m tall and
has a radius of 80m.
Using
MATLAB
to
calculate the volume
of the tank.

>> r=80;
>> h=150;
>> V=pi*r^2*h
V=
3.0159e+06

Example

>> V=pi*r^2*h
V=
3.0159e+06
>> format long

If we want to display
all the decimal places,
type
format long
Also try format short

Example

>> format long

>> V
V=

If we want to display
all the decimal places,
type
format long
also try format short
Also try format short

3.015928947446202e+06

MATLAB built-in function

mean(A)

Mean value of a vector

max(A) / min(A)

Maximum and minimum

sum(A)

Summation

std(A)

standard deviation

inv(A)

Inverse of a matrix
There are many built-in function
See MATLAB help file

Mathematics expression
Function

MATLAB code

Managing The Work Session

To remove variables from memory type
clear

clear all variables

clear functions clear all m-files and other

defined functions
clear x y
clear all
clc

clear variables x and y only

variables, functions, and MEX-files
from memory, leaving the
workspace empty
clear everything in the command window

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

A matrix with only one row and one column is a scalar

a_value=23
a_value =
23

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

A matrix with only one row is called row vector

rowvec = [12, 14, 63]

rowvec =
12 14 63

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

A matrix with only one column is called column vector

colvec = [13 ; 45 ; -2]

colvec =
13
45
-2

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

A matrix can be created in MATLAB as follow:

matrix = [1, 2, 3 ; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9]
matrix =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

A row vector can be converted to a column
vector and vice versa using the apostrophe:
matrix = [1, 2, 3 ; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9]
matrix =
1 4 7
2 5 8
3 6 9

Extracting a Sub-matrix
matrix =
row 1
row 2
row 3

1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
col 1
col 2
col 3

Extracting a Sub-matrix
matrix =
1 2 3
4 5 6
7 8 9
>> matrix(: , 2)
row

column

If we want to extract a
sub-matrix from the
matrix shown on the
left
Anything before comma,
is row;
Anything after comma,
is column

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

Creating a row vector from starting from 1 to 5
with an interval of 1

[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
ans =
1 2 3 4 5

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

Creating a row vector from starting from 1 to
100 with an interval of 1.
Are you going to type from 1 to 100? NO
We can use colon operator, : , to build the vector
x = [start : step : stop]

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

Example

a=[1: 1 :5]
a=
1 2 3 4 5

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

Example

a=[1: 2 :5]
a=
1 3 5

Matrices, Vectors, and Scalars

Example

a=[1: -2 : -5]
a=
1 -1 -3 -5

Scalar - Matrix Addition

a=3;
>>
b=[1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6];
>>c= a + b

1 2 3
3 +
4 5 6

c=
4 5 6
7 8 9

Scalar - Matrix Subtraction

a=3;
>>
b=[1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6];
>>c= a - b

1 2 3
3 4 5 6

c=
-2 1 0
-1 -2 -3

Scalar - Matrix Multiplication and Division

Using the previous example, determine the
multiplication and division.
c= a * b
c= a / b

Try this
example

Array Dimensions - size

b=[1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6]
b=
1 2 3
4 5 6
>>size(b)

If you are not clear about the

command, please search for
MATLAB help file

ans =
row

column

Element Operator - .
b=
1 2 3
Divide each
element of b
by 2
>> b ./ 2

4 5 6
Multiply each
element of b by
2
>> b.* 2

Square each
element of b by
2
>> b.^ 2

ans =

ans =

ans =

0.50001.0000 1.5000

2.00002.5000 3.0000

10

12

16

25

36

Graph - 2D plot
Linear plot - command plot(x, y)
Example
x = [-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3];
y = [8 3 0 -1 0 3 8];
plot(x, y)

x=[-3:3];
>>y=[8 3 0 -1 0 3 8];

Graph of x vs y

>>plot(x, y)
>>ylabel(y)

>>xlabel(x)
>>title(Graph of x vs y)
>>hold on
>>y1=(4/3)*x+4;
>>plot(x, y1, r)

plot(x, y)

Try
plot(x, y, ro)

If you unclear the command,

type plot in the MATLAB help
file

Also see semilogx,semilogy, title, xlabel, ylabel, hold on,

subplot, figure

Thank You!