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Lecture 33 Propellers II
J. E. Brandenburg
EAS 3101
Spring 2007
Agenda
Stall Speed
1
L V2 AC L
2
2L
V
AC L
2W
AC L
Weight W L
Stall Speed
CL-Max
CL
L=0
Stall Speed
Weight W L
V
Vstall
2W
AC L
2W
AC L Max
Stall Speed
Vstall
2W
AC L Max
2 x1000kgx9.8m / sec 2
3
2
1
.
2
kg
/
m
x
8
m
x
2
.
3
1
2
.
76
x
10
kg
/
m
1/ 2
1/ 2
1/ 2
Stall Speed
air 1.2kg / m3 exp(1.6km / 9km) 1.2 x.837 1.0kg / m 3
Vstall
2 x1400kgx9.8m / sec
2W
1
1
.
84
x
10
kg
/
m
1/ 2
1/ 2
1/ 2
Propellers
Propeller sections
Blade pitch
angle
Propeller Theory
pitch angle
angle of attack
T L cos D sin
Propeller Theory
PA P
efficiency
PA Power Available
TA Thrust Available
PA TAV
TA
PA
V
Propeller Calculation
We can model a propeller as having an average pitch angle of =30o and
profile of NACA 2415 and total area of 0.4m2
If we have the propeller turning at n=40rps and it has a diameter of
2meters its average rotational velocity is
Vrot=D/4 x 2 x n=126m/sec
CL=0.6,CD=.010
Propeller Calculation
27 o
1
TA L cos D sin V 2 A(.6(.89) .01(.45)) .
2
TA 0.5(1.2kg / m 3 (1 42m / sec) 2 0.4m 2 (.534)
TA 0.5(1.2kg / m 3 (142m / sec) 2 (.21)m 2
TA 2.2 x10 4 N (.21) 4.7 x103 N
4.7kN 0.5tons
Propeller Calculation
PA VTA 66m / sec x 4.7 x103 N 3.1x105W
PA 3.1x10 2 kW
1hp .75kW
PA 413hp
PA
engine power 500hp
83%
P
Propeller at Takeoff
For takeoff the propeller is not so efficient
Assume same rotational velocity with no
change in pitch
Propeller Calculation
We can model a propeller as having an average pitch angle of =30o
and profile of NACA 2415 and total area of 0.4m2
If we have the propeller turning at n=80rps for takeoff (full thottle)
and it has a diameter of 2meters its average rotational velocity is
Vrot=D/4 x 2 x n=251m/sec
CL1.2,CD.012
Propeller Calculation
0o
1
TA L cos D sin V 2 A(1.2(1.0) 0.0) .
2
TA 0.5(1.2kg / m 3 (251m / sec) 2 0.4m 2 (1.2)
TA 0.5(1.2kg / m 3 (6.3x10 4 m 2 / sec 2 )0.4m 2 (1.2)
TA 0.6(6.3 x10 4 m 2 / sec 2 )0.48 N
18kN 1.8tons
Propeller Calculation
PA VTA 14.5m / sec x1.8 x10 4 N 2.6 x105W
PA 2.6 x10 2 kW
1hp .75kW
PA 348hp
348hp PA
70%
500hp P
Propeller Theory
2n angular frequency of rotation
D 2Vtip 2 propeller tip speed
J Advance ratio
V
J
nD
V
J
nD
66m / sec
.82
40 / sec 2m
14.5m / sec
takeoff : J
.09
80 / sec 2m
cruise : J
Propeller Theory
1
Wing Spoiler
Ducted fan
Ducted fan
Ducted fan
Turbofan engine
Ducted fans
propfans
Homework #5
1(30 pts) For the aircraft described earlier what is
the stall speed for an overloaded plane of 1600kg
mass A. at Orlando B. on the Siachin Glacier
( 4km altitude)
2. (30 pts) For the propeller described earlier A.
what is the thrust for n=60rps and V=268mph B.
what is the efficiency ? C. sketch the curve of
propeller efficiency using the previous two points.