Translation Methods

Ng c Nht
L Thu Hng
Diu Linh
ng Ngc Bch

Warm Up

Translate into Vietnamese

-Sugar you you go , sugar me me go!
(husband)

ng c c i, ng ti ti i!

Translate into Vietnamese

Like Is Afternoon, You think you tasty?
(Wife)
Thch th chiu, anh ngh anh ngon lm h?

Translate into Vietnamese

You onion summer three dowm
seven up. Stop enough.

C hnh h ti ba chm by ni.

Thi ri.

Translate into Vietnamese

Me take you, you poor two table hand
white! I unhappy many already.

Ti ly anh, anh ngho hai

bn tay trng. Ti kh nhiu
ri.

Translate into Vietnamese

Stop, stop. No star where, we can do again
from first. You have forgive me not?

Thi thi. Khng sao u, mnh c th

lm li t u. Em c tha th cho anh
khng?

Question!
What is word-for-word translation method?

Match Definitions of Translation

methods
5 minutes
Fastest group say Bingo!

Quick Game
Name 8 translation methods in 15 seconds.

Which characteristics is for

Semantic or Communicative
translation?
Semantic Translation
Communicative Translation

Which characteristics is for

Semantic or Communicative
translation?
Semantic Translation
Communicative Translation
Usually used for expressive
text
(like novels)

Usually used for 'informative'

texts
(like manuals,)

Which characteristics is for

Semantic or Communicative
translation?
Semantic Translation
Communicative Translation
Usually used for expressive text
(like novels)
inferior to its original

Usually used for 'informative'

texts
(like manuals,)
better than its original

Which characteristics is for

Semantic or Communicative
translation?
Semantic Translation
Communicative Translation
Usually used for expressive text
(like novels)
inferior to its original
personal and individual,

Usually used for 'informative'

texts
(like manuals,)
better than its original
social

Which characteristics is for

Semantic or Communicative
translation?
Semantic Translation
Communicative Translation
Usually used for expressive text
(like novels)
inferior to its original
personal and individual,
tends to over-translate

Usually used for 'informative'

texts
(like manuals,)
better than its original
social
under-translate

Which characteristics is for

Semantic or Communicative
translation?
Semantic Translation
Communicative Translation
Usually used for expressive text
(like novels)
inferior to its original
personal and individual,
tends to over-translate
pursues nuances of meaning

Usually used for 'informative'

texts
(like manuals,)
better than its original
social
under-translate
simple, clear and brief

Which characteristics is for

Semantic or Communicative
translation?
Semantic Translation
Communicative Translation
Usually used for expressive text
(like novels)
inferior to its original
personal and individual,
tends to over-translate
pursues nuances of meaning
follows the thought processes of
the author

Usually used for 'informative'

texts
(like manuals,)
better than its original
social
under-translate
simple, clear and brief
concentrates on the message
and the main force of the text

Translation
Methods

Presenter: Do Dieu Linh

Text 1: An excerpt from the poem IF

Author: Rudyard Kipling
Published: 1910 (in his
collection)
The main idea: success
comes from self-control
and a true sense of the
values of things
Excerpt: the second

IF
If you can dream - and not If you can bear to hear the
make dreams your master; truth you've spoken
If you can think - and not
make thoughts your aim,

Twisted by knaves to make

a trap for fools,

If you can meet with

Triumph and Disaster

Or watch the things you

gave your life to, broken,

And treat those two

impostors just the same;

And stoop and build 'em up

with worn-out tools:

TL 1:

IF
NU
If you can dream - and not Nu con m c m khng
make dreams your master; c m lm ch i con
If you can think - and not
make thoughts your aim,

Nu con c th suy t m
khng ly n lm mc ch

If you can meet with

Triumph and Disaster

Nu c Thnh cng, Tht

bi trn ng i con gp

And treat those two

impostors just the same;

M vn nh nhau - i x
mt tm lng

If you can bear to hear the

truth you've spoken

Nu con bit nghe s tht

nhng li ca con

Twisted by knaves to make

a trap for fools,

B k bt lng lm by la
k di

Or watch the things you

gave your life to, broken,

Hoc nhn i con v,

nh lm li

And stoop and build 'em up

with worn-out tools:
V con ci xung dng nn
vi cng c mn.
Communicative method

TL 2

IF
Nu con vn bnh tm
If you can dream - and not Nu con c th m nhng
make dreams your master; khng mng m lm ch
con;
If you can think - and not
make thoughts your aim,
Nu con c th suy t song
khng ly t duy lm mc
If you can meet with
ch;
Triumph and Disaster
Nu con c th gp Khi
And treat those two
Hon v Thm Bi
impostors just the same;
M vn i x hai k gi di

If you can bear to hear the

truth you've spoken

Nu con chu ng nghe s

tht con va ni ra

Twisted by knaves to make a B k tiu nhn bp mo

trap for fools,
ging by la k di,
Or watch the things you
gave your life to, broken,

Hoc nhn cng trnh i

con, v,

And stoop and build 'em up

with worn-out tools:

V ci xung xy dng ln
vi dng c mn.

Faithful translation method

Text 2: A legal document

 iu 2. i tng p dng
1. Ngh nh ny p dng i vi c quan, t chc, c nhn
Vit Nam v nc ngoi hot ng hoc c lin quan n
hot ng trong khu vc bin gii bin nc Cng ha x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam.
2. Ngi, phng tin ca c quan, t chc, c nhn nc
ngoi c hng quyn min tr ngoi giao v lnh s;
phng tin qun s nc ngoi vo thm nc Cng ha
x hi ch ngha Vit Nam; ngi, tu thuyn;
hnghanhp cnh, xut cnh, qu cnh, nhp khu,
xut khu bng ng hng hi thc hin theo php lut
ca Vit Nam v iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh
vin.

1. Ngh nh ny p dng i vi c quan, t chc, c

nhn Vit Nam v nc ngoi hot ng hoc c lin
quan n hot ng trong khu vc bin gii bin nc
Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam.
1. This Decree applies to Vietnamese and foreign
agencies, organizations and individuals that carry out or
are involved in activities in maritime boundary areas of
the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.

2. Ngi, phng tin ca c quan, t chc, c nhn nc

ngoi c hng quyn min tr ngoi giao v lnh s;
phng tin qun s nc ngoi vo thm nc Cng ha x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam; ngi, tu thuyn; hnghanhp
cnh, xut cnh, qu cnh, nhp khu, xut khu bng
ng hng hi thc hin theo php lut ca Vit Nam v
iu c quc t m Vit Nam l thnh vin.
2. Persons, vehicles and craft of foreign agencies,
organizations and individuals entitled to diplomatic and
consular immunities; foreign military vehicles and craft on
visit to the Socialist Republic of Vietnam; persons and
vessels; and goods on entry and exit, in transit, and goods
exported and imported by sea shall comply with Vietnams

Translation
Methods

Presenter: Le Thu Huong

Text 1: An excerpt from Wuthering

Heights Novel
Introduction:
Novel
Heights
Author: Emily Bronte
Published: 1847
Excerpt: From chapter XI
Content:
Conversation

Wuthering

between

'What is it to you?' he growled. 'I have a

right to kiss her, if she chooses; and you
have no right to object. I am not YOUR
husband: YOU needn't be jealous of
me!
I'm not jealous of you,' replied the
mistress; 'I'm jealous for you. Clear your
face: you shan't scowl at me! If you like
Isabella, you shall marry her. But do you

 Text analysis
Intention of the text = Intention of the
translator
= to tell a story
Readership: general readers/ educated
layman
Text type: Narrative
Formality: Informal

'What is it to you?' he growled. 'I have a

right to kiss her, if she chooses; and you
have no right to object. I am not YOUR
husband: YOU needn't be jealous of
me!
I'm not jealous of you,' replied the
mistress; 'I'm jealous for you. Clear your
face: you shan't scowl at me! If you like
Isabella, you shall marry her. But do you

 TL 1:

'What is it to you?' he growled. 'I have a right to

kiss her, if she chooses; and you have no right to
object. I am not YOUR husband: YOU needn't be
jealous of me!
Vic g n c? Ti c quyn hn Sa nu ti thch
th, cn c, c khng c quyn g cm on. Ti
khng phi l chng c, khng vic g c phi
ghen.
(Dch gi: Nht Linh v Nguyn Tng Thit (trc 1975))

 TL 1:

I'm not jealous of you,' replied the mistress; 'I'm

jealous for you. Clear your face: you shan't scowl
at me! If you like Isabella, you shall marry her. But
do you like her? Tell the truth, Heathclif! There,
you won't answer. I'm certain you don't.'
Ti khng ghen anh, ti ghen h anh. Thi, anh
vui ln mt t no, ti khng mun anh c mt v
mt cau c nh th. Nu anh thch Sa th anh ly
Sa. Nhng anh c thch Sa khng? Anh ni r s
thc cho ti bit, anh Hy. , anh khng mun tr
li. Ti chc l anh khng thch g Sa.

 TL 2:
'What is it to you?' he growled. 'I have a right to kiss
her, if she chooses; and you have no right to object.
I am not YOUR husband: YOU needn't be jealous of
me!
Chuyn y dnh g n c? ng ta gm g. Ti c
quyn hn n nu n mun v c khng c quyn
phn i. Ti khng phi l chng c, c khi cn
ghen vi ti.
(Dch gi Dng Tng, i gi h NXB Nh Nam, chng 11, tr167-169, bn gc
NXB Vn hc 1985)

 TL 2:
I'm not jealous of you,' replied the mistress; 'I'm jealous for you.

Clear your face: you shan't scowl at me! If you like Isabella, you
shall marry her. But do you like her? Tell the truth, Heathclif!
There, you won't answer. I'm certain you don't.'
Ti khng ghen vi anh, m ch p, ti ghen cho anh thi. Ti
tnh ln no, ng c cau mt vi em! Nu anh thch Isabella th
anh s ly c ta Nhng anh c thch c y khng? Ni tht i,
Heathclif! y, anh khng mun tr li. Em chc chn l anh
khng thch!
(Dch gi Dng Tng, i gi h NXB Nh Nam, chng 11, tr167-169, bn gc NXB Vn hc 1985)

Semantic translation

 Both of the translators use Semantic translation

method; however they provide diferent version
conveying diferent attitudes/ expressing diferent
feelings between the characters (by using flexibility of
Vietnamese pronouns)
Note! Transcibe characters names
Heathclif Anh Hy
Isabella C Sa
Adaptation

Text 2: Lyrics of the song

Hello Vietnam
Enjoy the music. (bn ting anh 1)
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-kSCXC
9bmE
*Pay attention to the Vietnamese
subtitle

Text 2: Lyrics of the song

Hello Vietnam
Enjoy the music. (bn ting anh 1)
*Pay attention to the Vietnamese
subtitle
Semantic translation (faithful to

Text 2: Lyrics of the song

Hello Vietnam
Another version (bn ting anh 2)
https://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=WwOY
1o16T4s

Text 2: Lyrics of the song

Hello Vietnam
Another version (bn ting anh 2)
Communicative translation
(keep the meaning, convey in
easier-to-accept way, more than
just word choice)

Text 2: Lyrics of the song

Hello Vietnam
Listen to Vietnamese version of the
song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=RO6n__dA-SE

Text 2: Lyrics of the song

Hello Vietnam
Listen to Vietnamese version of the
song
Free translation (keep the meaning,
change words to fit the rhythm)

Translate the lyric

To understand the
meaning

Semantic
translation

Communicat
ive
translation

To reproduce the song

in another language

Free
translation
Adaptation

Translation
Methods

Presenter: ng Ngc Bch

Idiomatic Translation
1. Definition
.Keep the original message
.Use colloquialisms and idioms of the TL to translate

2. Examples

Every Jack has his Jill

 Ngu tm ngu, m tm
m
Ni no vung y

As poor as a church mouse

Ngho rt mng ti

One scabby sheep is enough to

spoil the whole flock

Tit For Tat

n ming tr ming

Live off the fat of the land

Ngi mt n bt vng

The grass is always greener on the other

side of the fence

ng ni ny trng ni n

Adaptation
1. Definition
.Freest form of translation
.Use cultural connotations familiar with TL readers
.Used mainly for plays and poems

2. Example

Romeo and Juliet

Author: William Shakespeare
Content: Two star-crossed lovers whose deaths
reconcile their feuding families
Excerpt: Act II, Scene II
Being mesmerized by Juliets beauty, Romeo follows her
to the garden and confesses his love
(like a lot of it =.=)

Source Text

Romeo:
But, soft! What light through yonder window breaks?
It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.
Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,
Who is already sick and pale with grief,
That thou her maid art far more fair than she:
Be not her maid, since she is envious;
Her vestal livery is but sick and green (vestal: pure; livery: servants uniform)
And none but fools do wear it; cast it of.
It is my lady, O, it is my love
Juliet: Ay me!
Romeo: She speaks:
O, speak again, bright angel!

Translated Text
R-m-:
y, khe kh ch! nh sng no va le trn ca s kia?
y l phng ng v nng Giu-li-t l mt tri.
Vng dng p ti i, hy hin ln i, v git cht Hng Nga k,
ho hon v nht nht v au bun
khi thy c hu ca li p hn rt nhiu.
ghen vi em th th em theo lm g?
B cnh ng ct ca xanh xao nht nht,
ch hp vi nhng ngu xun, em hy vt n i.
y l ngi ta yu qu. i! y l ngi ta yu.
Giu-li-t: i chao!
R-m-: Nng ln ting!
Hi nng tin lng ly, hy ni na i!
ng Th Bnh (1995)

Applying Translation
Methods
Presenter: Ng c Nht

To choose a suitable
translation method, we need
to analyze the text and other
elements.

Peter Newmark
1. The intention of the text
2. The intention of the translator
3. Text types
4. Readership
5. Stylistic scopes
6. Setting
7. The quality of the source text

Considerations before translating

Socio-political elements
Authors wish (on how the book is translated)
Client/Employers wish

Socio-political elements
ISIS = Nh nc hi gio t xng ISIS
Taiwan = i Loan (thuc Trung Quc)
=> Theo quan im ca nh nc Vit Nam

Socio-political elements
.There is also a long list of errors in the translation, words that my
Vietnamese editors have either misunderstood or refused to
understand, words such as ghost writer, betrayal, bribery, treachery,
terrorism, torture, front organizations, ethnic minorities, and
reeducation camps. The French are not allowed to have taught the
Vietnamese anything. Nor the Americans. Vietnam has never produced
refugees. It only generates settlers. References to communism as a
failed godcut. Pham Xuan Ans description of himself as having an
American brain grafted onto a Vietnamese bodycut. His analysis of
how the communists replaced Ngo Dinh Diems police state with a
police state of their owncut.
By Thomas A. Bass

The authors wish

The author may wish for their work to be translated in
specific ways
Translators can consult with the author to see if their
interpretation of their work match the intention of the
author.
Example: J. R. R. Tolkien

The client/employers wish

The people who pay us money may have specific
requirements on the translated work.
It is up to YOU to accept those request or not.

Case study 1
The Lord Of The Ring
1. The intention of the text = The intention of the translator:
to tell a story about a fantasy world
2. Text types: Narrative, Description, Dialogue
3. Readership: general readers, hardcore fans of a classic
4. Stylistic scopes: ?
5. Setting: fantasy novel
6. The quality of the source text: good

Nha Nams focus: Authors wish

The author created a new language (Common Speech).
Some names in Common Speech were translated into
English in the books. Example: Baggins.
He suggested that the names would be translated
from Common Speech into the TL like he did.
- Khng dch th n gin nhng " l li ch khng
phi tn trng Tolkien". dch gi An L
- i theo di nguyn ca tc gi vi lng tn trng cao
nht vi tc gi - dch gi ng Trn Vit

Results
Bracegirdle

Cht Nt Qun

Rivendell

Thung y Khe

Baggins

Bao Gai

ProudFoot

Bn Chn Och

=> Outrage among readers

Case study 2
- ST: Beware of the diagnostician hat. Paul Carding
1. Intention of the text: to give a lecture
2. Text types: discussion
3. Readership: doctors, nurses
4. Stylistic scopes: semi-formal
5. Setting: presentation slide
6. The quality of the source text: good

Case study 2
Email to the professor: I can translate it as "put
yourself in the role of the diagnostician" but it is not a
familiar concept in Vietnamese, what are you referring
to here?
Answer: Sorry- your translation is perfect
Chosen translation: Cn thn khi t mnh vo v tr
ngi chn on => communicative translation
Editors translation: thc v cc yu t lin quan n
chn on (diagnostician hat) => free translation (with
error)

Case study 2
After the lecture: that part meant that you have to listen
objectively and dont let diagnosis cloud your
judgement.
Revised translation: Khi nghe phi khch quan =>
adaptation translation

Translators note as a translation

method?
Theres no equivalent in TL
The equivalent in TL lack aesthetic value/pragmatic
efects/clarity
Could be placed at the end of the
word/page/chapter/book
V d: Khim khuyt ny cng c th c lin quan n
nhng s thch, thi quen v / hoc nhng cng bch
(Ngi dch: vic cm thy khng th khng lm) ring
bit.