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Mohib Naqvi
WCDMA
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The Drive Test is a test performed in cellular networks regardless of technology (GSM, CDMA,
UMTS, LTE, etc. ...) usually Performed in order to Analyze and optimize the Network Quality.
Drive Test is used to analyze and optimize the network quality.
Although by the analysis of KPI's we can identify problems of Parametrical Issues e.g. (CDR,
Interference, Traffic etc. etc.) while the drive tests allow a deeper analysis in the field. Identifying
areas of each sector of coverage, interference, evaluation of network changes and various other
parameters.
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WCDMA 3G UMTS
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Performance Analysis:
Tests for Analysis Performance is the most common, and usually made
into clusters (grouping of cells), ie, an area with some sites of interest.
They can also be performed in specific situations, as to answer a
customer complaint.
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When the site is completely integrated , Drive tester team will start to perform site
investigation.
The detailed sub-activities are outlined below:
1.Rigging Audit
2.Site Verification
3.Functionality Tests
4.Acceptance Test
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Site Verification:
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Test Performed:
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Site Verification:
Voice / Video Calls
Verify on per Basis for all carriers:
RSCP
Ec/No
Scrambling code
LAC/RAC
Cell ID
Etc etc.
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Static Test:
Audio Call:
Performed number of calls as defined by the operator on all the three
sectors of sites in order to determine if any call failure , dropped or
blocked is found.
Video Call:
Just Like Audio Calls number of video calls are also performed on all the
three sectors of sites in order to determine if any call failure , dropped or blocked
is found. Video call found should be successful.
It Takes 64kb/s data to transmit a call.
R99: (Release 99)
First Step Advancing toward Global 3G network. Can Support data rate
up-to 384kb/s and a dedicated channel is allocated for each specific user.
Perform Number of R99 Test by making a dial up connection and verify the
achieving speed.
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Static Test:
Cell Reselection:
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Handovers:
1.Soft Hand over: Make Before
break. Between two Node Bs at a
time connecting with number of
cells and first of all making the
connection with better serving cell
then release.
2.Softer Handover: Make Before
break. Between different sectors of
the same Node B and first of all
made the connection with better
serving cell then release.
3.Hard Handover: Break before
make. Intra frequency handover in
WCDMA.
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Sector Swap:
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Coverage
Test is used to
Coverage
Test:
analyze the network by
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Radio Parameters:
CPICH EcNo
CPICH RSCP
Tx Power
UTRA Carrier RSSI
SIR
Target SIR
SQI
RRC State
Mode
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Radio Parameters:
CPICH Ec/No:
Chip Energy by Noise. Common Pilot channel EcNo is the ratio of the energy of the
chip and the combined power of all the signals including the specific pilot channel. It also
shows the level of Noise disrupting the specific CPICH.
Ranges for EcNo:
0 to -7 Good
-7 to -10 Acceptable
-10 to -36 Bad
CPICH RSCP:
Received signal Code Power is the level of the signal received by the U.E. or in
simple RSCP is the total power of the entire cell or a specific Common Pilot Channel
received by the user Equipment.
Ranges of RSCP:
-30 to -75 Good
-75 to -85 Acceptable
-85 to -140 Bad
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Radio Parameters:
Tx Power:
Tx Power is the transmitting power of the mobile station. Its value can vary from
50 to -50.
The minimum the Tx Power of the mobile station the better it is for call quality.
Tx Power is the power of mobile station only measured in the dedicated mode and
commonly mobile will support the call in case when you are in a low coverage area it
will increase its own power to support your call avoiding Droped.
RSSI:
Received Signal Strength Indicator is the total power of the entire common pilot
channel received by the Mobile station Including Neighbours interference and noise
as well of Neighbours and it self also.
RSSI= RSCP + EcNo
RSSI Ranges:
0 to -75 Good
-75 to -85 Acceptable
-85 to -140 Bad
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Radio Parameters:
SIR:
Signal to Interferance ratio is the ratio of
energy in the DPCC ( Dedicated Physical
control channel) to that of the interferance
and noise received by the User Equipment.
Target SIR:
It is the target signal to interferance ratio
that Mobile Equipment
is supposed to
achieve by increasing or decreasing its
power. It is usually Set by the use of Power
Control Procedure.
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Radio Parameters:
SQI:
It is the speech quality index which is a parameter to rate the
voice quality on that particular call. It ranges from 0 to 30. while
30 being the Best Value.
Adaptive Multi Rate (AMR) is also used to enhanced the speech
or the voice quality of the specific call.
WCDMA use AMR Sourc Coding.
AMR vary with different Ranges Highest AMR Value is 12.20 and
lowest AMR value is 4.75.
RRC State:
It tells the current state and channel as in idle or dedicated.
Mode:
It is the Mode that We are Using Weather GSM or WCDMA.
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Cell Name:
Specific Name of the Node B alloted by the Operator according to its location and Serial value.
Scrambling Codes:
Scrambling Codes are usually used to identified different cells of a node B.
They are of Two types.
1- Secondary Scrambling Code
2- Primary Scrambling Code
Secondary Scrambling Code:
Used in a Beam forming case.
Primary Scrambling codes: (0 to 511)
Are actually the Scrambling codes usually used to identified different sectors. They totally lies from 0 to
8191. More over 512 PSC are divided into a group of 64.Each contains 8PSC.
Total Down link Scrambling Codes 16*8=512.
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Serving + Neighbours
AS:
Set of Scrambling codes on which the user equipment is currently latched on and
there can be at least maximum three scrambling's codes in a Active Set.
MN:
Neighbor cell that is detected by user equipment as a neighbor. Soft and Softer
Handover decision should be taken by measuring the Stronger RSCP and EcNo
then that of Active Set at least 32 Neighbor cells can be added in a single 3g site.
DN:
It is also the neighbor cell which is detected by the U.E but is not defined in our
network. Hence the U.E does not handover onto these cells. It can be because of
Overshooting, incomplete neighbor list or in case of a new site, It is very important to
optimize a network and have no DNs as they are one of the major reasons of call
drops in 3G.
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Pilot Pollution
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Pilot Pollution:
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