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M Ki
K
DF
K
Consider the
6
4
E
(
120
)(
10
)
beam
K BA
4 E ( 40)(106 )mm 4 / m
3
4 E ( 240)(10 6 )
K BC
4 E (60)(106 )mm 4 / m
4
4 E (40)
DFBA
0.4
4 E (40) 4 E (60)
4 E (60)
DFBC
0.6
4 E (40) 4 E (60)
0
4 E (60)
DFAB
DFCB
12
wL2
8000kNm
12
Example 12.2
Determine the internal moment at each support of the
beam. The moment of inertia of each span is indicated.
Solution
A moment does not get distributed in the overhanging
span AB
So the distribution factor (DF)BA =0
Span BC is based on 4EI/L since the pin rocker is not at
the far end of the beam
K BC
4 E (300)(10 6 )
300(10 6 ) E
4
K CD
4 E (240)(10 6 )
320(10 6 ) E
3
Solution
DFBC 1 ( DF ) BA 1 0 1
DFCB
300 E
0.484
300 E 320 E
DFCD 0.516;
DFDC 0
wL2
2000 Nm
12
( FEM ) CB
wL2
2000 Nm
12
Solution
The overhanging span requires the internal moment to
the left of B to be +4000Nm.
Balancing at joint B requires an internal moment of
4000Nm to the right of B.
-2000Nm is added to BC in order to satisfy this condition.
The distribution & CO operations proceed in the usual
manner.
Since the internal moments are known, the moment
diagram for the beam can be constructed.
Solution
Stiffness-Factor Modifications
The previous e.g. of moment distribution, we
have considered each beam span to be
constrained by a fixed support at its far end
when distributing & carrying over the
moments
In some cases, it is possible to modify the
stiffness factor of a particular beam span &
thereby simplify the process of moment
distribution
Chapter 12: Displacement Method of Analysis: Moment Distribution
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Stiffness-Factor Modifications
Member pin supported at far end
As shown the applied moment M rotates end
A by an amt
To determine , the shear in the conjugate
beam at A must be determined
1 M 2
V ' A ( L)
L L 0
2 EI 3
3L
3EI
V 'A
M
EI
L
M B' 0
Stiffness-Factor Modifications
Member pin supported at far end (contd)
The stiffness factor in the beam is
3EI
K
L
Stiffness-Factor Modifications
Symmetric beam & loading
The bending-moment diagram for the beam
will also be symmetric
To develop the appropriate stiffness-factor
modification consider the beam
Due to symmetry, the internal
moment at B & C are equal
Assuming this value to
be M, the conjugate
beam for span BC is shown
Chapter 12: Displacement Method of Analysis: Moment Distribution
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Stiffness-Factor Modifications
Symmetric beam & loading (contd)
M L
M C ' 0 - V ' B ( L)
L 0
EI 2
ML
2 EI
V 'B
M
2 EI
L
2 EI
K
Stiffness-Factor Modifications
Symmetric beam with asymmetric loading
Consider the beam as shown
The conjugate beam for its center span BC is
shown
Due to its asymmetric loading, the internal
moment at B is equal but opposite to that at
C
Stiffness-Factor Modifications
Symmetric beam with asymmetric loading
Assuming this value to be M, the slope at
each end is determined as follows:
M C' 0
1
2
ML
V 'B
6 EI
6 EI
K
L
- V ' B ( L)
EI
L 5L 1 M
2
6
2
EI
6 EI
M
L
2
L
0
6
Example 12.4
Determine the internal moments at the supports of the
beam shown below. The moment of inertia of the two
spans is shown in the figure.
Solution
The beam is roller supported at its far end C.
The stiffness of span BC will be computed on the basis of
K = 3EI/L
We have:
4 EI 4 E (120)(10 6 )
K AB
160(10 6 ) E
L
3
3EI 3E (240)(10 6 )
K BC
180(10 6 ) E
L
4
Solution
160 E
DFAB
0
160 E
160 E
DFBA
0.4706
160 E 180 E
180 E
DFBC
0.5294
160 E 180 E
180 E
DFCB
1
180 E
wL2 6000(4) 2
( FEM ) BC
12000 Nm
8
8
Chapter 12: Displacement Method of Analysis: Moment Distribution
Structural Analysis 7th Edition
2009 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Solution
The forgoing data are entered into table as shown.
The moment distribution is carried out.
By comparison, the method considerably simplifies the
distribution.
The beams end shears & moment diagrams are shown.
Example 12.5
Determine the internal moments at the joints of the frame
as shown. There is a pin at E and D and a fixed support at
A. EI is constant.
Solution
By inspection, the pin at E will prevent the frame will
sidesway.
The stiffness factors of CD and CE can be computed using
K = 3EI/L since far ends are pinned.
The 60kN load does not contribute a FEM since it is
4 EI
4 EI
3EI
3EI
applied at
K ABjoint
B.; K BC
; K CD
; K CE
5
DFAB 0
DFBA
4 EI / 5
0.545
4 EI / 5 4 EI / 6
Solution
DFCB
4 EI / 6
0.330
4 EI / 6 3EI / 5 3EI / 4
DFCD
3EI / 5
0.298
4 EI / 6 3EI / 5 3EI / 4
( FEM ) BC
wL2
135kNm
12
( FEM ) CB
wL2
135kNm
12
Solution
The data are shown in table.
The distribution of moments successively goes to joints
B & C.
The final moment are shown on the last line.
Using these data, the moment diagram for the frame is
constructed as shown.
Example 12.6
Determine the moments at each joint of the frame shown.
EI is constant.
Solution
First, we consider the frame held from sidesway
( FEM ) BC
( FEM ) CB
16(4) 2 (1)
(5)
16(1) 2 (4)
(5)
10.24kNm
2.56kNm
Solution
The DFs and the moment distribution are shown in the
table.
The eqn of eqm are applied to the free body diagrams of
the columns in order to determine Ax and Dx
From the free body diagram of the entire frame, the joint
restraint R has a magnitude of
Fx 0; R 1.73kN 0.81kN 0.92kN
Solution
An equal but opposite value of R = 0.92kN must be
applied to the frame at C and the internal moments
computed.
We assume a force R is applied at C causing the frame
to deflect as shown.
The joints at B and C are temporarily restrained from
rotating.
As a result, the FEM at the ends of the columns are
determined.
Solution
Since both B and C happen to be displaced the same
amount and AB and DC have the same E, I and L, the FEM
in AB will be the same as that in DC.
As shown we will arbitrarily assumed this FEM to be
Solution
From the eqm, the horizontal reactions at A and D are
calculated.
For the entire frame, we require:
Fx 0; R ' 28 28 56kN
56.0
80 1.57kNm