Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Zainuri SN
Departemen of Anatomy
Definisi
metode :
medical terms are like jigsaw
puzzles, but theres no need
to stay up at night for hours,
memorizing medical terms
and their meanings. With this
course youll learn to break
down the medical words
using a technique called
Word Building.
Jangan Kaget !
Word
Word Building will
will teach
teach you
you how
how to
to analyze
analyze
each
each medical
medical term
term by
by dividing the term into its
basic
basic component
component parts;
parts; the
the prefix,
prefix, the
the root
root
word,
word, and
and the
the suffix.
suffix. Moreover,
Moreover, there
there are
are far
far
fewer
fewer basic
basic component
component word
word parts than
than there
are
are medical
medical terms,
terms, therefore
therefore the
the study
study time in
learning
learning these
these components
components is
is minimal.
minimal.
Word
Word Building gives
gives you the tools to understand
the
the meaning
meaning of
of each
each individual
individual component,
component, the
the
prefix,
prefix, the
the root
root word,
word, and
and the
the suffix,
suffix, in
in medical
medical
terms.
terms. Once
Once youve
youve completed
completed this
this course
course you
you
will
will be
be able
able to
to comprehend
comprehend many
many medical
medical terms
terms
not
not presented
presented in
in this
this short
short curriculum.
curriculum.
Root
Suffix
Is the words ending.It can be a letter or group of
letters placed after the root word to change or
modify the words meaning.
Vowel
other root words.
Combining
Is the combination of the root and combining
Form
vowel.
Root
Combining
vowel
Suffix
Root
Combining
vowel
Suffix
1. To analyze a medical term, begin at the end of the word. The ending
is called the suffix. All medical terms contain suffixes.
2. The suffix in the above word is LOGY, which means study of.
3. Next, find the root of the word that gives the terms essential
meaning. In the term HEMATOLOGY, the root word is HEMAT. This
means blood.
4. Finally, what connects the root and suffix together making it a
pronounceable term is the combining vowel, which in this term, is
the letter O. The combining vowel has no meaning of its own but is
an important connector between the root (HEMAT) and the suffix
(LOGY).
Root
Combining
Vowel
Root
ELECTR/O/CARDI/O/GRAM
Combining
Suffix
Vowel
Reading the meaning of this term from the suffix to the 1st
root and then across to the 2nd root = record of the
electricity in the heart. It is the electricity flowing within the
heart that causes the heart muscle to contract, pumping
blood throughout your body.
Root
Combining
Vowel
Root
GASTR/O/ENTER/O/LOGY
Combining
Vowel
Suffix
Reading the meaning of the word from the suffix to the 1st
root and then across to the 2nd root = study of the
stomach and the intestines.
As you see, some medical terms have more than one root word, so looking
for the O in medical terms will help you divide the term into its component
parts. The combining vowel plus the root is called the combining form.
GASTR/IC
Combining Form
Suffix
Reading the meaning of the word from the suffix to the root = pertaining to
the stomach
4. TRANSURETHRAL
Prefix
TRANS/URETHR/AL
Combining Form
Suffix
Reading the meaning of the word from the suffix to the prefix, to the root =
pertaining to across (through) the urethra
PREFIXES
PREFIX
a-, anabad-, afambi-, ampho-, amphiana- up,
androanteanti-, antap-, apoaut-, autobrachybradycatacircum-.
co-, com-, concontra-
MEANING
without, lacking, deficient, not
away from
toward, to, near
both, double
toward, apart
man
before, in front of, forward
against, opposing, preventing
separation from, derived from
self
short
slow
down, under, lower, against
around
with, together
against, opposed
PREFIXES
PREFIX
dedextrodiadisdorsodyse-, ec-, ef-, exect-, ecto-, exoem-, en-, esoend-, endo-, ent-, entoep-, epieuextra-, extrogyn-, gynohemiheterohyperhyp-, hypoim-, in-
MEANING
down, from
to the right
through, between, apart, across
apart, free from
to the back
difficult, bad, painful, abnormal
out of, from, away from
outside of
in, into, within
within, inside
upon, on, over
normal, good, healthy
outside of, beyond, outward
woman, female
half, partial
different, other
excessive, above, beyond
under, beneath, deficient
in, into, within, not
PREFIXES
PREFIX
infrainterintra-, intromalmega-, megalomes-, mesometamicr-, micromult-, multineonosooligopanparaperperipolypost-
MEANING
below, beneath
between
within, into
bad, abnormal
large, big
middle
change
small
many
new, recent
disease
little, few
all, entire
beside, beyond, after
through, excessive
around, surrounding
many, much, excessive
after, behind
PREFIXES
PREFIX
pre-, propseud-, pseudopyopyrore-, retrosemistenosubsuper-, suprasym-, syntachytelothermtransultraxero-
MEANING
before, in front of
false
pus
fire
backward, behind, again
half
narrow
under, below, beneath
above, excess, superior
together, with
fast
end
heat
across, through, beyond
beyond, excess
dry
PREFIXES : COLORS
PREFIX
albuschlorochromocirrhoscyanoerythroleukoluteus
melanopolioporphyrorhodoxantho-
MEANING
white
green
color
orange yellow
blue
red
white
yellow
black
gray
purple
red
yellow
PREFIXES : NUMBERS
PREFIX
nullihaplomon-, monobi-, di-, dipltriquadri-,
pentahex-, sexocto-, octanonadeci-
MEANING
none
single
one
two, double, twice
three
tetra four
five
six
eight
nine
ten
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES
MEANINGS
-algia
-agra
-ectomy
-gnosis
-gram
-ic
-itis
-logy
-osis
-scopy
pain
excessive pain
removal, excision
about the patients condition
recording
pertaining to
Inflammation
study of
abnormal condition
process of visual examination
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES
-apheresis
-asthenia
-ase
-ate
-atresia
-capnia
-cele
-centesis
-cidal
-clasia, clast
MEANINGS
removal
weakness
enzyme
use, subject to
absence of normal body opening
carbon dioxide
protrusion, hernia
surgical puncture to remove fluid
killing
break
small
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES
-clysis
-coccus, -coccis
-crit
-crine
-cyte
-desis
-drome
-dynia
-ectasis
-ectomy
-ectopic
-emesis
-emia
-ent, -er,
-ist, -or
MEANINGS
irrigation, washing
berry-shaped
to separate
separate, secrete
cell
surgical fixation
run, running
pain
dilation, expansion
surgical removal
displacement
vomit
blood condition
person or agent
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES
-esis, -ia, -a
-ism, -ity, -y
-osis, -tion, -sis
-iasis, -sia
MEANINGS
state or condition, disease
-form, -oid
-gen, -genic
-genesis
-gram
-graph
-graphy
-iac
-ible, -ile
-ician
-ictal
-ist, -ologist
-ites, -itis
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES
-ium
-ize
-logy
-lysis, -lytic
-ma, -mat
-malacia
-mania
-megaly
-metor
-metry
-morph
-oma
-opsy
-oxia
-paresis
-pathy
-penia
MEANINGS
membrane
use, subject to
science, study of
destroy, dissolution, separation
disease, condition
softening
madness
enlargement
instrument used to measure
measurement
form, shape
tumor
to view
oxygen
slight paralysis
disease
deficient, lack of
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES
-pepsia
-pexy, -pexis
-phagia, -phagy
-philia, -phily
-phobia
-phonia
-phoria
-physis
-plasia, -plasm
-plasty
-plegia
-pnea
-poiesis
-porosis
-prandial
-praxia
-ptosis
MEANINGS
digestion
fixation, storing
eating, swallowing
love
abnormal fear, intolerance
pertaining to sound
feeling
growth
formation, development
surgical repair
paralysis
breathing
formation
passage
meal
in front of, before
drooping, downward displacement
SUFFIXES
SUFFIXES
-rrhage, -rrhagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
-rrhexis
-sarcoma
-schisis
-sclerosis
-scope
--sepsis
-spasm
-stasis
-stenosis
-stomy
-tome
-tomy
-tripsy
-trophy
-ule
MEANINGS
excessive flow
suturing in place
flow or discharge
rupture
malignant tumor
split, fissure
hardening
instrument for examining
infection
sudden involuntary muscle contraction
control, stop
narrowing
surgical opening
instrument for
cutting, incision
surgical crushing
nourishment, development
little
ROOTS
ROOTS
ROOTS and COMBINING FORMS
arthr / o
bi / o
cardi / o
cerebr / o
dermat / o
enter / o
gastr / o
hemat / o
hepat / o
neur / o
oste / o
path / o
ren / o
rhin / o
urethr / o
MEANING
joint
life
heart
cerebrum, largest part of the brain
skin
intestines (often the small intestine)
stomach
blood
liver
nerve
bone
disease
kidney
nose
urethra
Posisi Anatomi.
Mata memandang lurus ke depan dalam
bidang jerman, yaitu bidang yang melalui pinggir
bawah lekuk mata dan pinggir atas liang
pendengaran luar, mendatar, kedua lengan
tergantung di samping badan dengan tapak
tangan menghadap ke depan, badan tegak
dan kedua kaki berdampingan dengan jarijari kaki mengarah ke depan.
extremitas (anggota
badan) tdr atas:
extremitas superior (anggota
atas) dan
extremitas inferior (anggota
bawah)
Systema
Systema integumentum
integumentum (kulit)
(kulit)
Systema
Systema skeletale
skeletale (tulang)
(tulang)
Systema
Systema articularis
articularis (sendi)
(sendi)
Systema
Systema muscularis
muscularis (otot)
(otot)
Systema
Systema nervosum
nervosum (saraf)
(saraf)
Systema
Systema circulatorius
circulatorius (sirkulasi)
(sirkulasi)
Systema
Systema kardiovasculer
kardiovasculer
Systema
Systema digestiva
digestiva (alimentarius
(alimentarius = cerna)
cerna)
Systema
Systema respiratorius
respiratorius (pernapasan)
(pernapasan)
Systema
Systema urinarius
urinarius (saluran
(saluran kemih)
kemih)
Systema
Systema reproductiva
reproductiva (genitale)
(genitale)
Systema
Systema endocrine
endocrine (hormon)
(hormon)
Radial
Ulnar
Tibial
Fibular (>< tibial)
Volar (Volaris) (>< dorsalis)
Palmaris (Palmar)
Plantair (plantaris) (telapak
kaki).
Distal (Distalis)
Proximal (>< distal)
Medialis (Medial)
Intermediat
Badan
Bidang Verticalis
Bidang Horizontalis :
membagi tubuh menjadi bagian atas
(superior) dan bawah (inferior);
Bidang Medianus (Mediana) :
(bidang midsagittalis).
membagi tubuh menjadi kanan (dexter) dan kiri (sinister).
Bidang Coronalis (Koronal) :
membagi tubuh menjadi
bagian depan (anterior) dan belakang (posterior).
Bidang Median
:
membagi badan tepat menjadi bagian
kanan dan kiri.
Bidang sagittal
:
membelah tubuh menjadi kanan dan
kiri. Apabila garisnya tidak melalui bidang median, maka disebut
bidang parasagittal.
Bidang Frontal
:
membagi badan atas bagian muka
dan bagian belakang.
Bidang Transversal :
membagi tubuh menjadi bagian arah
kepala (cranial) dan bagian arah ekor (caudal).
Istilah untuk
Garis
Istilah untuk
Peninggian
Tuber
:
suatu tonjolan yang membulat
Tuberculum :
tuber yang kecil.
Condylus
:
suatu bulatan pada ujung tulang dekat persendian
yang merupakan bagian dari persendian.
Epicondylus :
suatu tonjolan di atas condylus.
Juga (Jugum)
:
tonjolan sebagai bukit.
Spina
:
bangunan sebagai duri (umumnya panjang)
Processus :
tonjolan kecil yang meruncing.
Crista
:
suatu rigi (tepi) yang meninggi.
Linea
:
suatu rigi yang tak meninggi.
Labium
:
suatu peninggian yang tumpul dan lebar ( = bibir ).
Pecten
:
suatu rigi yang tak begitu lebar dan tinggi.
Eminentia :
untuk suatu daerah yang meninggi.
Cornu
:
bangunan sebagai tanduk.
Caput
:
suatu bulatan yang besar ( = kepala ).
Capitulum :
caput yang kecil
Istilah Untuk
Cekungan
Fovea
:
suatu cekungan seperti lembah.
Foveola :
fovea yang kecil.
Impressio :
suatu cekungan yang disebabkan oleh
desakan/tekanan suatu alat lain sewaktu pertumbuhan.
Fissura
:
suatu celah.
Incisura :
suatu takik.
Sulcus
:
suatu parit.
Fossa
:
daerah seperti lembah yang luas.
Istilah Untuk
Lubang
Apertura :
pintu masuk ke dalam suatu rongga.
Ostium
:
muara suatu saluran (rongga) ke
dalam rongga lain.
Porus
:
lubang, umumnya sebagai pintu
masuk/muara keluar.
Foramen :
lubang seperti porus
Orificium :
lubang seperti porus
Foramina :
lubang kecil (arti jamak ).
Istilah Untuk
Saluran
Canalis
:
kanal (parit).
Canaliculus (jmk : canaliculi) : kanal yang kecil.
Ductus
:
pipa.
Ductilus (jamak: Ductuli) :
pipa yang kecil.
Tubus
:
pipa besar.
Tubulus (jamak : Tubuli) :
pipa agak kecil.
Meatus
:
gang/liang
Istilah Untuk
Rongga
Cavum
:
rongga yang besar.
Cavitas
:
rongga yang kecil.
Sinus
:
rongga tertutup yang biasanya berisi
udara cairan.
Cellula
:
rongga-rongga kecil dalam tulang yang
berisi udara.
Spatium : celah/rongga di antara dua bangunan/alat.