SWOT ANALYSIS

COMMUNITY BASED CORRECTION

INTRODUCTION
In the Philippines, the prospect of confinement or
incarceration tortures the minds of first time
offenders.
Thirty Six (36) years ago, Presidential Decree
(P.D). 968 or otherwise known as the Adult
Probation Law of 1976 was enacted through the
efforts of the late Congressman Teodulo C.
Natividad of Bulacan and signed into law by then
President Ferdinand E. Marcos.

Pres. Ferdinand E.
Marcos

Cong. Teodolo C.
Natividad

THE FIVE PILLARS

1)
2)
3)
4)

Law Enforcement
Prosecution
Courts
CORRECTIONS either Institution Based or Non
-Institution Based Corrections
5) Community

CORRECTION DEFINED
AS
It is one of the Pillars of the Criminal Justice
System which undertakes the reformation and
rehabilitation of offenders for their eventual
absorption into the social and economic streams
of the community through institutional or
Community-based program.
It is the 4th Pillar of the Criminal Justice System
which is tasked to rehabilitate and reform
penitent
offenders. It is derived from the root
word correct which simply means to make right
or change from wrong to right.

Distinguished Institutional Based

Correction to Non Institutional Based
Correction
Institutional Based Correction

Non Institutional Based Correction

Correcting an individual by placing him/her to These are community based programs such as
an institution or place where he/she can be probation, suspended sentence for first time
treated well until he/she becomes fully minor offenders, parole and conditional
recovered and accepted by the community.

pardon.

If an accused has been involved in several

forms of offenses and may therefore be a risk If an accused has reform himself, he has the
to the community, then he deserves to be privilege to serve his sentence outside the
incarcerated and corrected inside the jail penal institution or in the community with the
rather than to enjoy the benefits of a supervision of an authority.
community-based rehabilitation program.

Distinguished Institutional Based

Correction to Non Institutional Based
Correction
Institutional Based Correction Non Institutional Based Correction
Agencies:

Agencies:

1. Bureau of Jail Management and

Penology (BJMP)

1. Parole and Probation Administration

(PPA)

2. Local Government Units (LGU)

2. Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP)

3. Bureau

3. Department of Social Welfare and

(BUCOR)

of

Corrections

Development
(DSWD)

OVERVIEW
Community
based
correction is a program
which is supervised to
deal with people who
have been convicted or
are facing conviction. It
is a non-incarcerative
system of correction.
Late eighties and early
nineties have brought a
new revolution in the
justice system.

OVERVIEW
Parole and probation have always
been a way of community correction,
but with technological advancement and
considering the psychology of convicted people,
correction programs have widened to accommodate
work releases, day fine programs, electronic
monitoring, home confinement, community service,
half way houses, boot camp prisons, restitution,
check-in programs, mediation, curfews, restorative
justice centers, drug checks, alcohol checks and other
methods where there is a certain level of trust
between the offenders and the people involved.

JAIL (PHILIPPINES)

JAIL (PHILIPPINES)

JAIL (PHILIPPINES)

OVERVIEW
Jail affects a person psychologically and he or she can
lose his self-esteem which eventually leads to
disinterest in normal life. Many jail inmates who are
there for petty reasons turn to become hard core
criminals with the company they get in jails. There are
thousands of people in jails and more than 5 times
are on probation or parole at any given point of time.
It is not that jail authorities want to solve the problem
of overcrowding of jails through community based
correction. However it is one of the minor reasons
which lead to the start of these methods of correction.

Quote of the topic

'Jails were never made
for people, it were made
for crimes,'
says a famous crime based fiction writer.

OVERVIEW
Society has valid and legitimate reasons to stay away
from offenders but this may turn them towards crime
again. Almost one quarter of people who have spent time
in jails return mostly with the same kind of offense or
some other type of anti-social activities.
Braithwaite put forth the philosophy of restorative justice
which advocates a change of behavior of convicts through
holistic methods. It works on the principle of
reintegration. It is like helping offenders to enter the
society in a way where they can be accepted by the
society. This system has its impact on the society in
general as well, as it helps the society understand and
accept the fact that offenders are also a part of the
society.

JOHN BRAITHWATE
As a criminologist, he is
particularly interested in
the role ofrestorative
justice, shame
management and
reintegration in crime
prevention.

OVERVIEW
There are some offenders who enter the community
based correction programs
without entering jails and
some serve a part of their
sentence in jail before entering the program. We all
commit
mistakes and get an opportunity to learn and same goes
for
offenders. The process of learning starts when the person
involved comes to know his mistake and accepts it.
Eventually,
the process may be difficult but it has helped many
people,
which gives a positive signal for other offenders.

SWOT ANALYSIS

It is a structured planning method that evaluates

those four elements of a project or business
venture.

SWOT ANALYSIS
Strengths and Weaknesses:These are the
internal factors within an organization.
Opportunities and Threats:These are external
factors stemming from community or societal
forces.

STRENGTH
The Corrections Pillar is the states response to
separate criminal offenders from the general
public for the latters protection. It is noted that
corrections is the systematic and organized
efforts directed by a society that attempt to
punish offenders, protect the public from
offenders, change offenders behavior, and if
possible, compensate the victims.

STRENGTH
In the Philippines today, the Corrections Pillar may
either be Institution-based or Non-InstitutionBased also known as Community-Based. Either
way, the goals of corrections rehabilitation and
the reformation of the offender intend to help him
re-enter society and become a law-abiding as well
as productive member.

WEAKNESS
At present, community-based alternatives do not
enjoy wide acceptance among the general public and
this opposition manifests itself in various ways.
For example, the public has never fully accepted
community corrections programs such as probation,
fines, day and full parole, temporary absences and
intermittent prison sentences. Most communities are
hostile to the idea of having halfway houses or
residential centres for law violators located in their
midst for fear that crime will increase and adjacent
property values will drop, a phenomenon known as
the NIMBY or Not In My Back Yard syndrome.

WEAKNESS
Several factors likely contribute to the current conservative
and punitive mood of the public; however, the prime
contributing factor to public opinion seems to be a lack of
knowledge of the criminal justice system.
Community sanctions are often referred to as alternatives to
incarceration. However, community corrections programs have
often failed to reduce prison populations. One reason for this
is that alternatives to incarceration are often introduced in the
absence of mechanisms to ensure that they are actually used
as alternatives. Another potential barrier to the use of
alternatives to imprisonment is judicial reluctance to impose
community sanctions. Finally, alternatives to imprisonment
may have minimal impact on the prison population if
community corrections failures are automatically given prison
terms.

OPPORTUNITY
RESTORATIVE
(RJ)

JUSTICE

A
philosophy
and
a
process
whereby
stakeholders in a specific
offense resolve collectively
how to deal with the
aftermath of the offense
and its victim-centered
response to crime that
The
Restorative
Justice
provides opportunity for
process provides a healing
those directly affected by
opportunity
for
affected
the crime the victim, the
parties
to
facilitate
the
offender, their families and
recovery of the concerned
the
community-to
be
parties and allow them to
directlyinvolved
in
move on with their lives.
responding to the harm
caused by the crime. Its

OPPORTUNITY
VOLUNTEER PROBATION AIDE (VPA) PROGRAM
A strategy by which the Parole and Probation
Administration may be able to generate maximum
citizen participation or community involvement.
Citizens of good standing in the community may
volunteer to assist the probation and parole
officers in the supervision of anumber of
probationers, parolees and conditional pardonees
in their respective communities.

OPPORTUNITY
THERAPEUTIC
(TC)

COMMUNITY

A self-help social learning

treatment modelused in the
rehabilitation of drug offenders
and otherclients with behavioral
problems.
TC
adheres
to
precepts
of
right
livingResponsible Love and Concern;
Truth and Honesty; the Here and
Now;Personal Responsibility for
Destiny; Social Responsibility
(brothers keeper); Moral Code;
Work Ethics and Pride in Quality.

OPPORTUNITY
Therapeutic Community(TC) is anenvironment that
helps people get help while helping themselves. It
operates in a similar fashion to a functional family with
a hierarchical structure of older and younger members.
Each member has a defined role and responsibilities
for sustaining the proper functioning ofthe TC. There
are sets of rules and community norms that members
commit to live by and up hold upon entry. The primary
therapist and teacher is the community itself,
consisting of peers, staff/probation and parole officers
and even Volunteer Probation Aides (VPA), who, as role
models of successful personal change, serve as guides
in the recovery process.

OPPORTUNITY
COMMUNITY LINKAGES
The non-institutional methods for treating offenders include
probation for youth offenders, suspended sentence and
probation of drug offenders, adult probation, and parole or
conditional pardon. The probation system in the Philippines
has unique features which are adapted to the country's
cultural environment. The rules and procedures of
probation are designed to promote the offender's
rehabilitation through community-based treatment, to
provide an opportunity for his reintegration into society,
and to prevent recidivism. In addition to rehabilitation
programs, linkages are established with agencies that can
help prisoners with job placements, vocational and skills
training, medical assistance, a livelihood program, and
social and religious activities.

OPPORTUNITY
CASH LIVELIHOOD PROGRAM

This is a program where an offender is starting

to reform his life at the community after
conviction. He/she can apply loan at the CITY
SOCIAL WELFARE DEPARTMENT (CSWD) to be able
to go on with his life and livelihood thereby
enabling him to support his family. And this
privilege is payable in one (1) year without
interest.

LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS

LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMS

THREAT
1. There are possibilities that the probationer
violates the conditions and neglects his
obligations to report to his superior.
2. Exposure on illegal activities.
3. For some agencies, they do not appreciate the
program and mostly they are not very
cooperative because they are aware that they
will be interacted with convicted people.

 Community correction programs were developed

in response to a recognition that traditional
incarceration was not working. The new
approaches are a step in the progression toward a
more humane and effective correctional system.
However, community corrections programs are
not without their problems. For instance,
community corrections have often served as a
supplement rather than a supplant to traditional
incarceration.

 In such cases, net widening effects result in no

reduction in the prison population or correctional
costs. Despite such problems, there are numerous
examples of community corrections initiatives which
have been highly successful. Further research is
needed into the advantages of new alternatives in
community corrections, as, for example, electronic
monitoring and attendance centres. With a better
educated public, more informed government and an
urgent need for changes to the system, community
corrections will undoubtedly become an even more
significant aspect of the criminal justice system.

1. The Probation Officer

encourages
the
clients family to be
productive for his
family
and
the
community.

2. Rehabilitation will be more effective as the convict will

not
be exposed to hardened criminals in prison who
willonly
influence him to a life of crime.
3. Information Drive. Community will also be involved so
that
crime becomes less hard to control.

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING!!!
-GROUP 1-