NAME:

ANUBHAV
SARASWAT
FACULTY NO.: 13LEB040
SR. NO.: 010

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ABSTRACT
Recently, 2D materials have been intensively studied as emerging
materials for future electronics, including flexible electronics, photonics,
and electro-chemical energy storage devices.
Well start with the basic introduction of 2D materials and will cover
various aspects related to their synthesis, distinguishing characteristics,
present and potential applications while concentrating on their
contribution towards Cleaner and Greener Electronics.

PRESENTATION
OUTLINE

Introduction
Definition and Distribution
Synthesis
2D Materials:
Graphene
TMDCs

Present and Potential Applications

Green Electronics
Conclusion

INTRODUCTION,
DEFINITION &
SYNTHESIS

INTRODUCTION
2D Materials means GRAPHENE ?
Really.

YES, and NO, Not

Graphenes legacy has become an integral part of todays

condensed matter science and has equipped a whole generation of
scientists with an armoury of concepts and techniques that open
up new perspectives for the post graphene area.
Although the stunning diversity of benchmarks set by graphenes
unique properties is unlikely to be found in other 2D materials, the
post-graphene area is likely to hold even more promising
revelations than graphene.
Graphene is Just The Tip Of The 2D Materials Iceberg.

DEFINITION

2D Materials, sometimes referred to asSingle layer materials,

arecrystallinematerials consisting of a single layer of atoms.

Other Definition says that the Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are

ultrathin materials with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical
functionality.

GRAPHENE

GRAPHANE

BORON NITRIDE

MOLYBDENUM
DIISULPHIDE

2D MATERIALS FAMILY
TREE

As presented by-

Dr. Kaustav Banerjee

Department of Electrical and
Computer Engineering,
University of California,
Santa Barbara.

Graphene family

TMD family

h-BN (dielectric) (Eg>5eV)

NbSe2, etc
(superconductor)
Graphene
(semi-metal)
(Eg=0eV)
VO2, VS 2, etc
(metals)

MoS2, WSe2, etc

(semiconductors)

CrO2, CrS2,
etc (halfmetals)
(0<Eg<1eV)

Silicine
(semiconductor)
(Eg=0.6 eV,
experimentally)

Other families
Ti2C, Ti2CF2
Black Phosphorus
etc.

Synthesis of 2D Materials:
Chemical Vapour Deposition

Exfoliation

Molecular beam Epitaxy

GRAPHENE AND
TMDCs

GRAPHENE: THE RISE OF THE 2D MATERIALS

Graphene is an allotrope of carbon in the form of a two-dimensional, atomic-scale,
honey-comb lattice in which one atom forms each vertex. It is the basic structural
element of other allotropes, including graphite, charcoal and fullerenes.
The term graphene first appeared in 1987 to describe single sheets of graphite as a
constituent of Graphite Intercalation Compounds(GICs).

PROPERTIES OF GRAPHENE
When graphene was isolated, it made it pretty evident that two
dimensional compounds could exist. In graphene bonds are small and
strong.
Mechanical Strength:
Graphene is the strongest material ever discovered.
It is also very light weight.
Graphene also contains elastic properties

Electronic Properties:
It is a zero-overlap semi-metal with very high electrical conductivity.
Very high electronic mobility.

Optical Properties:
It can absorb a rather large 2.3% of white light.

TMDCs
:

Transition
Metal
Dichalcogen
ide
monolayers
FET

TMDC monolayershave adirect band gap, and can

be used in electronics astransistorsand in optics
as emitters and detectors.
Also, control of the electron spin by tuning the
excitation laser photon energy is possible.

PhotoDetecto
r

MoS2 Properties- (we are

concerned with) :
1.

Mechanical Strength
Electrical Conductivity
Emission of light
Component of photo-electrochemical applications

Computer rendered
MoS2 based flexible
transistor model.

WS2 PROPERTIES (THAT WE

CARE
: which was found to
Tungsten
DisulfideABOUT)
is the first material
2.

forminorganic nanotubes, in 1992.

These nanotubes:
Improve the mechanical properties.
Increase Young's modulus and compression yield strength.
and flexural modulus and flexural yield strength.
It also exhibit room-temperature photoluminescence in
the monolayer limit.

COMPARATIVE
STUDY

WHICH ONE WINS?

SILICON OR GRAPHENE
CAN THE GRAPHENE BREAKTHROUGH, USHER AWAY
SILICON? NO.
Much of the research done on graphene to date focused on
proving basic principles, like whether it could be used in a
transistor. Thats important work, but its just one tiny step
in an enormous process.
Moreover, Innovations like Strained Silicon, have extended
the viability of silicon further.

WHICH ONE WINS?

GRAPHENE OR TMDC
Unlike graphene, many TMDCs are semiconductors.
But Graphene(also, Silicene) is a much faster conductor of
electrons than most TMDCs.
A single layer of TMDCs can capture more than 10% of
incoming photons, an incredible figure for a material three
atoms thick.

APPLICATIONS

BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
Graphene Advantages:
* Large Surface Area/Volume ratio
* High Electrical Conductivity
* Thinness and Strength

Uses:
* Efficient Bioelectric Sensory Devices
* Able to monitor Glucose, cholesterol,
Haemoglobin level etc.
* Graphene as anti-cancer treatment
* Process of Tissue Regeneration.

First Demonstration of 2D TMD FET

Biosensor

OPTICAL ELECTRONICS
Graphene Advantages:
*
*
*
*
*

Optically transmit more than 90% of light

Good Conductivity
Completely Transparent material
High Tensile strength and Flexible
Able to replace Indium Tin Oxide (ITO)
due to less cost and better properties

Uses:
* Touchscreens
* Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
* Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

LCD, Touchscreen, OLEDs Schematics

SUPER CAPACITORS
ULTRA/SUPER CAPACITORS
100 years old technology enhanced by
modern materials based on polarization of
electrolytes, high surface area electrodes
and extremely small charge separation

Graphene Advantages

ECDL (Electro Chemical Double Layer) Capacitor

* High surface area to weight ratio (2600 m2 /g)

* High conductivity
* Measured specific capacitance 135 F/g

Uses
*
*
*
*

Electric vehicles
Backup powering
High power capability
Cell phones

Super Capacitor Model

GO GREENER

CLEANER AND GREENER

HIGH-POWER GRAPHENE SUPERCAPACITORSCOULD MAKE
BATTERIES GO OBSOLETE.

CHARGE FASTER, AND

SAVE ELECTRICITY.

CLEANER AND GREENER

GRAPHENE BASED WATER
PURIFIER (DESALINATION).
WATER, WATER EVERYWHERE
AND EVERY DROP DRINKABLE.

GRAPHENE COULD POTENTIALLY

CLUMP TOGETHER RADIO-ACTIVE
WASTE. SO, EASY AND SAFE
DISPOSAL.

CONCLUSION

Areas of Responsibilities:
Contemporary Technological Development,
History of Science and Technology,
Sustainable Development,
Environmental, and
Health.

CONCLUSION :
Introduction to 2D Materials and their Distribution.
Discussion on Graphene and TMDCs and their Properties.
Important Applications of 2D Materials(Graphene).
Contribution of 2D Materials in Sustainable Development
So, the materials being used presently are no longer unrivalled.
They may not be ready to replace Si yet, but it certainly looks like,

2D Materials will eventually become the materials of choice.

PROMISES IT HOLDS
Miniaturized Transistors
Better Optoelectronic Devices
Enhanced Memory Devices
Ultrathin Sensors

THANK YOU

REFERENCES
Research Paper and Presentation on 2D Crystals for Nano-electronics
and beyond by Dr.
K Banerjee, University of California.
Presentation on Graphene and other 2D Materials: New Opportunities
in Flatland by Tomas
Palacios, MIT.
Research Paper on Vertical 2D Hetero-structures by Bettina V. Lotsch,
University of Munich.
Research Paper on Van der Waals Hetero-structures by A. K. Geim and
I. V. Grigorieva,
University of Manchester.
Paper on Materials for Flexible, Stretchable Electronics: Graphene and
2D Materials by Sang Jin Kim and Kyoungjun Choi, Seoul National
University.