WATER TANKS (Part 2)

MAINAK
MALLIK

DESIGN OF CIRCULAR WATER TANK

RESTING ON GROUND WITH RIGID
BASE AND FLEXIBLE BASE

Joints
Joints are the connection between
two parts of the structural
component.
Commonly Three type of Joints are
commonly in water tanks :
A) Movement Joints
B) Construction Joints
C) Temporary Open Joints

Movement Joints
A movement joint is intended to
accommodate
relative
movement
between adjoining parts of a structure
special provision is made to maintain
the water tightness of the joint.
Three types of Movement Joints:
A) Contraction Joint
B) Expansion Joint
C) Sliding Joint

Two Types of Contraction Joint:

1 Complete Contraction Joint
2. Partial Contraction Joint

Expansion Joint

CONSTRUCTION JOINTS


Salient features :
1. The position should be defined by designer.
2. Full structural continuity is assumed in
design and should be realized in practice.
3. The concrete at joints should be bonded
properly.
4. The surface of the earlier pour should be
roughened to increase bond strength and to
provide aggregate interlock.
5. The joint surface should be cleaned and
dampened six hour prior to new concreting.

Circular Tanks Resting On

Ground

When tank is filled with water the

hydrostatic water pressure will try to
increase the diameter at any section.
This will depend on type of joint at
the junction of wall and beam.
When the joints at base are flexible,
hydrostatic
pressure
induces
maximum increase in diameter at
base and no increase in diameter at
top
When the joint at base is rigid, the
base does not move
19

 Deflected shape of Tank with Flexible

Joint
C

B
1

Design of Circular Tanks resting

on ground with rigid base

21

Due to fixity at base of wall, the

upper part of the wall will have
hoop tension and lower part
bend like cantilever.

For
shallow
tanks
with
large
diameter, hoop stresses are very
small and the wall act more like
cantilever
For deep tanks of small diameter the
cantilever action due to fixity at the
base is small and the hoop action is
predominant
22

The exact analysis of the tank to

determine the portion of wall in
which
hoop
tension
is
predominant and the other
portion
in which cantilever
action
is
predominant,
is
difficult
Simplified methods of analysis
are
1. Reissners method
2. Carpenters simplified method
3. Approximate method
23

IS code method
Tables 9,10 and 11 of IS 3370 part IV
gives coefficients for computing
hoop tension, moment and shear for
various values of H2/Dt
Hoop tension, moment and shear is
computed as
T= coefficient ( wHD/2)
M= coefficient (wH3)
V= coefficient (wH2)
26

Thickness of wall required is computed from BM

consideration

d=

M
Qb

or
D
where,
Q= cbcjk

6M
cbt b
k

j=1-(k/3)

m cbc
m cbc st

b = 1000mm
27

IS code method
Over all thickness is then computed as
t = d + cover.
t= D
t=30*H+50
Whichever is greater
Area of reinforcement in the form of
vertical bars on water face is
computed as M
A st

st jd

Area of hoop steel in the form of rings

T
is computed asA st1
st

28

IS code method
Distribution steel and vertical
steel for outer face of wall is
computed from minimum steel
consideration
Tensile stress computed from
the following equation should
be less than
T the permissible
c
t (safe
m 1)A stdesign
stress1000
for

the permissible stress is as per table 1 of

IS 3370(Part 2) : 2009
29

IS code method
Tensile stress due to bending computed
from the following equation should be less
than the permissible stress for safe design

M
cbt =
z
where

Z= Section Modulus considering the effect

of reinforcement
Base slab thickness generally varies from
150mm to 250 mm and minimum steel is
distributed to top and bottom of slab.
30

Design Problem No.1 on Circular

Tanks resting on ground with
Rigid base

31

A cylindrical tank of capacity

7,00,000 liters is resting on good
unyielding ground. The depth of tank
is limited to 5m. A free board of 300
mm may be provided. The wall and the
base slab are cast integrally. Design
the tank using M25 concrete and
Fe415 grade steel .

Draw the following

Plan at base
Cross section through centre of tank.

32

 Step 1: Dimension of tank

H= 5-0.3 = 4.7 and volume V =
700 m3
A=700/4.7 = 148.94 m2
D= (4 x 148.94/) = 13.77 14 m

33

 Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension

and bending moment

One meter width of the wall is

considered and the thickness of the
wall is estimated as t=30H+50 =
191 mm.

The thickness of wall is assumed

as 200
H 2 mm. 4.7 2
=
7.9

D.t
14 0.2

34

 Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension and bending moment

(Contd.)

Referring to table 9 of IS3370 (part IV),

the maximum coefficient for hoop at 0.6H
tension = 0.575

Tmax=0.575 x 10 x 4.7 x 7 =189.175 kN

Referring to table 10 of IS3370 (part IV),

the maximum coefficient for
bending moment = -0.0146 (produces tension on
water side) at 1.0H

Mmax= -0.0146 x 10 x 4.73=-15.15 kN-m

Referring to table 11 of IS3370 (part IV),

the maximum coefficient for S.F=0.174

S.F=0.174X10X4.72=38.44kN
38

 Step 3: Design of section:

For M25 concrete cbc=8.5, For
Fe415 steel st=150 MPa and
m=10.98 for M25 concrete and
Fe415 steel
m cbc constants
10.98 8.5 are:
The design
k=
=
0.418
m cbc + st

10.98 8.5 130

j=1-(k/3)=0.86
Q= cbc jk = 1.53
Effective depth is calculated
as
6
d=

M
15.15 x10
=
= 99.83mm
Qb
1.52 x1000

39

 Step 3: Design of section: (Contd.)

Let over all thickness be 200

mm with effective cover 33 mm
dprovided=167 mm

M
15.15 x10 6
Ast =
=
= 802mm 2
st jd 130 x0.87 x167

Spacing of 12 mm diameter bar

113 x1000
= 140mmc / c
802

(Max spacing 3d=501mm)

Provide #12@125 c/c as vertical

113 xon
1000
reinforcement
water
face
2
= 904mm
125
40

 Step 3: Design of section: (Contd.)

3
T
189.275
x
10

Hoop
Ast1 = steel:
=
= 1456mm 2
st

130

113 x1000
Spacing of 12 mm diameter bar =
=77.6 mm c / c
1456
Provide #12@75 c/c as hoop reinforcement
on water face
Actual area of steel provided

113 x1000
Ast =
= 1506mm 2
75

41

 Step 4: Check for tensile stress:

T
189.275 x103
ct =
=
= 0.88 N / mm 2
1000t + (m 1 )Ast 1000 x 200 + ( 10.98 1 )x1506
Permissible stress = 1.3 N/mm2 > c

Safe

Check for shear stress:

V 38.44 x103
ct = =
= 0.23N / mm 2
bd 1000 x167

804 x100
pt , provd .
= 0.48%
1000x167
perm. 0.3 N / mm 2
42

 Step 5: Distribution Steel:

Minimum area of steel is 0.24% of concrete
area
Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 200 = 480 mm2
50.24 x1000
104.7.mmc / c
Spacing of 8 mm diameter480
bar =
Provide #8 @ 100 c/c as vertical distribution
on the outer face.

43

 Step 5: Base slab:

The thickness of base slab shall be

150 mm. The base slab rests on firm ground,
hence only minimum reinforcement is
provided.

Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 150 = 360

mm2
50.24
x1000

Reinforcement for
each
face = 180
279.mmc / c
mm2
180

Spacing of 8 mm diameter bar =

Provide #8 @ 250 c/c as vertical and
horizontal distribution on the outer face.

44

12T@75c
/c

45

Design Problem No.2 on Circular

Tanks resting on ground with
flexible base

46

Design a circular water tank to

hold 5,50,000 liters of water.
Assume flexible joints between
the wall and base slab. Adopt M25
concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Sketch details of
reinforcements.

47

Step 1: Dimension of tank

Volume of tank V=550 m3
Assume H= 4.5
A=550/4.5 = 122.22 m2
D= (4 x 122.22/) = 12.47 12.5
m

48

 Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension

One meter width of the wall is

considered and the thickness of the
wall is estimated as

t=30H+50 = 185 mm.

The thickness of wall is assumed

as 200H 2mm.
4.5 2

Dt

12.5 0.2

8.1 8

49

 Step 2: Analysis for hoop tension

Referring to table 12 of IS3370 (part

IV), the maximum coefficient for hoop
tension = 0.697

Tmax=0.697 x 10 x 4.5 x 6.25 =196.03 kN

Referring to table 11 of IS3370 (part IV),

the maximum coefficient for shear at base=
0.096
Shear=.096*10*4.5^2=19.44 kN

52

Step 3: Design of section:

For M25 concrete
cbc=8.5, For Fe415 steel st=130 MPa
m=10.98 for M25 concrete and Fe415 steel
m

cbc
k=
= 0.47
The design constants are:
m cbc + st
j=1-(k/3)=0.87

T 196.03 x103
Hoop steel:
Ast1 =
=
= 1508mm 2
st
130

1000
Spacing of 16 mm diameter201
barx=
1507.9

= 133mmc / c

Provide t@ c/c as hoop reinforcement on water

face

201x1000
2
A
=
=
1608
mm
st
Actual area of steel provided
125

53

 Step 4: Check for tensile stress:

T
196.03x103
ct =
=
= 0.91N / mm 2
1000t + (m 1 )Ast 1000 x 200 + ( 10.98 1 )x1608

Permissible stress = 1.3 N/mm2 > ct Safe

Check for Shear Stress:
V 19.44 x103
ct = =
= 0.116 N / mm 2
bd 1000 x167

54

 Step 5: Distribution Steel:

Minimum area of steel is 0.24% of concrete
area
Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 200 = 480 mm2
50.24 x1000
104.7.mmc / c
480bar =
Spacing of 8 mm diameter
Provide #8 @ 100 c/c as vertical and
horizontal 50.24
distribution
on the outer face.
x1000
= 502sq.mm
Ast,provd.=

100

502 x100
pt , provd .
= 0.3%
1000x167
perm. 0.246 N / mm 2
55

 Step 5: Base slab:

The thickness of base slab shall be

150 mm. The base slab rests on firm ground,
hence only minimum reinforcement is
provided.

Ast=(0.24/100) x1000 x 150 = 360

mm2
50.24
x1000face = 180

Reinforcement for
each
279.mmc / c
2
mm
180

Spacing of 8 mm diameter bar =

Provide #8 @ 250 c/c as vertical and
horizontal distribution on the outer face.
56

57

A TYPICAL DRAWING

58

59