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PLC Programming Basics

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PLC Programming Basics


Basic Ladder Logic Bit Instructions

Set
Falling

Reset

One-shot Rising or

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PLC Programming Basics


Instruction Addressing
Input and output bit instructions are
addressed with either actual (physical)
digital I/O addresses or internal storage
bit addresses.
These addresses are defined by the PLC

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PLC Programming Basics


Instruction Addressing
easy500 controllers use Markers for
internal addresses such as M01, M05,
N11
easy500 controllers use Ixx for actual
(physical) Input addresses and Qxx for
Output addresses. Example: I01, I08 are
Inputs and Q01, Q04 are Outputs

2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

PLC Programming Basics


Instruction Addressing
Marker addresses (Mxx) are internal
storage addresses defined by the
controller. They are used as internal
relays
Real-world Input and Output addresses
must correspond to the actual (physical)
input terminal as defined by the
controller
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PLC Programming Basics


Read real world
inputs
Evaluate
ladder
Write real world
outputs
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PLC Programming Basics


Inputs
Input instructions change state when
power is applied to the input terminal
with the corresponding address
Its common to call the following
instruction True rather than Closed
when power is applied to the terminal its
addressed to
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PLC Programming Basics


Inputs
Its also common to call the following
instruction False rather than Open
when power is applied to the input
terminal its addressed to

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PLC Programming Basics


Outputs
Outputs energize when rung
conditions preceding them are True

When Input 1 is True, Output 1 is


energized
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PLC Programming Basics


Set/Reset
A Set instruction remains True even
after the rung conditions that made it
True become False
A Set instruction must be accompanied
by a Reset instruction addressed with
the same address in order to reset the
bit, based on your logic

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PLC Programming Basics


Set/Reset Example

Input 1 sets Output 1 and Input 2 resets


Output 1 (Inputs 1 & 2 must not be True at
the same time)
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PLC Programming Basics


In 1

Timer 1

Timer 1

Out 1

In 2

Out 2

Ladder is evaluated (scanned)


starting from the top rung, left to
right, followed by the next rung,
and so on, until the bottom is
reached. Then starts again at the
top.
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PLC Programming Basics


Logical AND/OR Operations
If Input A AND Input B
are True, the Output will
energize
If Input A OR Input B
is true, the Output will
energize

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PLC Programming Basics


AND/OR Combination Logic

Output X is energized if A AND (B OR C)


are True
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PLC Programming Basics - Timers


Timers
Two basic types of timers in PLCs:
1. On-delay timers
2. Off-delay timers

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PLC Programming Basics - Timers


On-delay timers
When an On-delay timer is energized
(True) it delays turning On the timers
output bit until the timers preset time
value is reached. The output bit is
often called the timers Done bit and
it indicates the timer has attained its
preset time.

2012 Eaton Corporation. All rights reserved.

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PLC Programming Basics - Timers


Off-delay timers
When an Off-delay timer is energized
(True) it immediately turns On its
output (Done) bit. The timer then
delays turning Off the output (Done)
bit for the timers preset time, after the
timer is de-energized (False).
Off-delay timers are less common than
On-delay timers.
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Questions?

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