WiMAX RFPG Knowledge Sharing Presentation

WiMAX Design and Planning
Information Sharing Session

September 4, 2008
http://compass.mot.com/doc/271002812/Knowledge_Sharing_WiMAX_RFPG.ppt
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Agenda
Introduction
Overview of WiMAX RF Planning Guide (This presentation.)
Brief introduction to content within the chapters
Where to find the guide
Roadmap
WiMAX RF Design Considerations
CPE Antenna Gain Correction Factor & CPE Antenna Orientation Loss
Subscriber Device Reporting
Interference Limited Designs
Q&A
(http://compass.mot.com/doc/282051089/WiMAX_RF_Design_Considerations.ppt)
This Planning Guide presentation is

built upon the presentation provided
during the 23-Apr-2008 Information
Sharing session.
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Presenters
Doug Goedken - Services Solutions Engineering
Distinguished Member of the Technical Staff
Office Phone: 847-435-4256
email: cell20@motorola.com
Acknowledgement:
Sam Fernandez, Wilson Wong, Tim Wilson, Chandy Sankaran, Tom Kovarik, Meher
Arunkumar, Samriddha Sengupta, Martin Gold, John Toone, Gert Ivory, Jim Krammen, Stu
Froelich, Miguel Carames, Alejandro Ulloa, and all that have provided comments about the
document
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This information sharing session will:

Present, at a high level, the various topics that are
addressed in the WiMAX RF Planning Guide
Provide information on where to find the planning guide
It will not:
Go into detail on any specific chapter of the document.
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Area of Focus
The focus of the WiMAX RF

Planning Guide is on the air
interface connection
between the subscriber
device (i.e. MSS or CPE) and
the access point (i.e. AP).
Addresses devices and
features available as of
WMX2.5
It does not cover installation
or optimization of the
network, other than those
items that have an impact
upon the design (e.g.
antenna heights and
orientations).
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Going Forward
Version 1.0: Released on 04 April 2008

Version 1.1: Released on 30 May 2008
Section 2.5.2, Section 2.6.1.2, Section 4.5 contain some new information
Section 3: Various updates throughout and to the subscriber device table.
Section 5.5 provides information on "Edge Throughput", in particular, it discusses the
determination of the UL subchannel requirement to support VOIP calls
Section 8 adds new information discussing various antenna parameters and their impact on the
design (e.g. vertical patterns, downtilt, etc.) It addition information has been added discussing
and antenna gain correction factor and orientation loss that can be observed for various CPE
devices.
Section 9 add new information discussing the various frequency reuse patterns that are
available, discussion of the impact of the CINR requirement for various MCS level, and
discussion importance of not having mixed UL/DL frame ratio in a system.
Section 10 provides some introductory discussion concerning coexistence with other operators
in adjacent spectrum.
Various other minor updates have been made throughout the document.
Version 1.2: Released on 30 June 2008
Section 5.17: information added that summarizes capacity improvements related to special
antenna technologies, namely: TxAA (EBF), 8 Rx MRC, MIMO-B, and SDMA.
Section 8.4 : added general information about smart antennas
Section 10: Added information discussing adjacent channel interference (ACI), receiver
overload, various real world studies that have been performed.
Various other minor updates have been made throughout the document.
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WiMAX RF Planning Guide - Overview
Basic Spectrum Planning
Learn how to allocate spectrum for multiple WiMAX carriers including

channel spacing, guard band considerations, available spectrum bands,
importance of spectrum clearing, and various government rules and
regulations that dictate how the spectrum is used.
RF Link Budget
Understand the parameters that comprise the WiMAX RF Link Budget and
the importance of determining the limiting link. General information is
provided for the Motorola products and features that are available.
RF Propagation Models
Provides information on some of the basic propagation models and the

importance of performing more detailed prediction studies Provides
information on the distance restriction imposed by WiMAX timing.
Capacity
Provides information on how to estimate the maximum theoretical capacity

of a WiMAX carrier for the forward or reverse link as a function of various
parameters. Identifies some of the limitations of the air interface Identifies
items that reduce the capacity from the theoretical. Provides examples of
capacity impacts due to various parameters.
RF Antenna Systems
Provides information on various antenna parameters, discussion on

downtilting, and performance of CPE antennas operating in a non-LOS
scenario.
Frequency Reuse
Provides information on the various frequency reuse plans available and

also a discussion the uplink / downlink duty cycle.
Inter System Interference
Provides some general information on coexistence, i.e. deploying WiMAX in

an adjacent frequency band with another service.
Handover
Provides information on the BSID and preamble planning.
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WiMAX RF Planning Guide

Spectrum
Spectrum Planning
Provides information concerning:

brief OFDMA overview
Motorolas WiMAX 802.16e products are based on OFDMA Physical
interface as mandated by WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profile and the
IEEE 802.16 specifications.
the band class indexes (e.g. frequency spectrum, channel bandwidths,

FTT size, and duplexing mode)
RF Profiles (e.g. RF Profile Name, center frequency step size, starting
frequency)
Reference made to WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profile Release 1.0
Approved Specification (Revision 1.4.0: 2007-05-02)
Spectrum Considerations
US
Broadband Radio Service (BRS) and Educational Broadband Service
(EBS) @ 2.5 GHz
Wireless Communications Service (WCS) @ 2.3 GHz
Regulated by FCC
Outside US
Regulated by ETSI
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WiMAX Forum: Band Class Index and

RF Profile Name
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RF Link Budget
WiMAX RF Link Budget
Two primary purposes for establishing the WiMAX RF link budget

To establish the system design assumptions for all the gains and
losses along the RF path between the AP and the subscriber
device (e.g. vehicle loss, building loss, ambient noise, transmit
powers, receive sensitivities, antenna gains).
To establish an estimate for maximum allowable path loss.
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WiMAX RF Link Budget
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Information on each RF Link Budget Parameter

Transmit EIRP
Effective Rx Faded Sensitivity
Maximum Allowable Pathloss
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WiMAX Features and Devices

Impact to the RF Link Budget
Antenna Configurations
Cyclic Shift Transmit Diversity (Downlink)
MIMO-A (Downlink)
MIMO-B (Downlink, Capacity only)
Uplink Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing (Uplink)
Tx Adaptive Antenna
Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)
Subscriber Devices
Identify differences between the CPE devices based on frequency
bands supported, Antenna Gain, Tx Power, Noise Figure, RX
Diversity type, MIMO compatibility
AP Devices
Identify differences between the different AP devices based on
frequency band supported, Tx Power, Number of Antennas (Tx, Rx),
sector configuration, Antenna Gain, Rx Diversity Type
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RF Coverage / Propagation
RF Propagation Models
Free Space
COST-231 Hata
Erceg-Greenstein
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Factors Impacting Coverage

Frequency change in
propagation model
Antenna heights
Timing Constraints
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Capacity Overview
Peak Instantaneous Throughput

(Sections 5.1)
Derive resources (data

symbols) as a function of BW
and Duty Cycle.
Discount overheads
(Preamble, MAPs, etc.).
Scale symbols/frame to bps.
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Retransmissions, CINR, and MAC Scheduler

(Sections 5.2 5.4)
Sustainable tputs account for

retransmissions; de-rates peak
tputs.
User and Sector Capacity is a
function of CINR.
The MAC scheduler prioritizes

demands for resources. It
balances users with good vs.
poor CINR. Also real-time vs.
non-real-time applications.
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Edge Throughput (Section 5.5)

UL subchannel requirements
for VOIP
Limiting case between data
and voice requirements
Edge data rate requirements
for CPEs
Interpretation of edge
capacity
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Reference Capacity Figures (Sections 5.6)
Overhead discount for 7MHz

and 60/40 split is ~25% for UL
and DL.
Peak Instantaneous Tputs

ranged:
DL 2.3-11.5 Mbps and
UL 1.7-5.0 Mbps
After accounting for

retransmissions, CINR
distributions, and scheduler:
DL 3.5 Mbps
UL 1.6 Mbps
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Capacity vs. Coverage

(Sections 5.7 5.8)
Capacity and coverage
can be traded off.
Capacity Density and

Number of Sites for
Initial Deployment
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Impact on Capacity of Key Factors

(Sections 5.9 5.13)
Bandwidth
Band (Frequency)
Reuse Patterns
Duty Cycle
Traffic Classes
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Traffic Loading & Data Call Models

(Sections 5.14 5.16)
How to convert Capacity (DL/UL Mbps) to
sessions/subscribers.
How to convert Physical Layer throughputs to
Transport Layer throughputs.
Trends for data from the Internet.
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Capacity Related Features

(Sections 5.17)
The capacity benefits of the following technologies are

presented.
Transmit Adaptive Antenna (TxAA) based on Eigen Beamforming
(EBF)
Only available currently with the SAAP
8 Rx Antennas w/ Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC)

Only available currently with the SAAP
Complements the TxAA on the DL
MIMO-B
Only for the DL traffic channel
Benefits from highly scattered propagation scenarios
Needs high CINRs
Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA)

Only for the UL traffic channel
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RF Antenna Systems
Antenna Information
Antenna Parameters: physical size,
gain, patterns, etc.
Downtilt: reduce interference
CPE Antenna Variations

Antenna Gain Correction Factor
Antenna Orientation Loss
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Frequency Reuse
Frequency Reuse
Different reuse schemes
1x4x2, 1x4x4, 1x3x3
CINR Requirements
Avoid different UL/DL frame
ratios in a system
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Inter-system interference in WiMAX bands has already surfaced as a practical issue

in multiple projects.
The ideal solution is to have only WiMAX systems in WiMAX RF bands, with the
same TDD ratios on all systems in a given market area.
This is not the current situation of WiMAX bands in general, and cannot be presumed
to occur in the future.
The most powerful technical solutions for inter-system interference include RF
filters on base stations.
Filters have up to 14 weeks lead time, and their cost is never welcome.
Filters may be needed on interfering transmitters or on victim receivers.
Several real world scenarios are presented

3.5 GHz pre-WiMAX broadband TDD
commercial deployment;
3.5 GHz WiMAX coexistence field test, Motorola
and Alcatel / Lucent;
2.5 GHz coexistence, WiMAX and pre-WiMAX
broadband TDD;
Airport radar interference to 3.5 GHz WiMAX;
3.5 GHz TDD interference to satellite receivers
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Options to control inter-system interference include:
Filters, added externally to transmitters and / or receivers
Antenna isolation between transmitters and affected receivers
Distance between transmitters and affected receivers
Reduced transmit power
Guard bands between operators
Two main inter-system interference effects can cause receiver
desens. These effects can occur together or separately:
Adjacent channel interference (ACI)
ACI is due to a transmit signal that extends beyond the intended
channel, into the desired channel of a victim receiver.
Controlling ACI may require adding a filter on the transmitter.
Receiver overload (such as blocking and intermodulation)

Receiver overload includes effects such as intermodulation or
blocking that occur within the receiver, due to large signals within
the receiver front end pass band.
Controlling overload may require adding a filter on the receiver.
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theregistered
property ofintheir
respective
owners.
Motorola,
MOTOROLA
and or
theservice
Stylized
M Logo
the US
Patent &
Trademark
Office. Inc. 2008.

Handover
Handover
Base Station ID
Preamble
Difference in WMX2.0 and 2.5 as to how the value is
provisioned on EMS
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Where to Find
Link to Wi4 Planning and Design

http://seta.gtss.mot.com/wimax/
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Links to WiMAX RF Planning Guide:
http://compass.mot.com/doc/269210106/
WiMAX_RF_Planning_Guide.doc
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Going Forward
Version 1.0: Released on 04 April 2008

Version 1.1: Released on 30 May 2008
Version 1.2: Released on 30 June 2008
Version 1.3 Targeted for early Nov. 2008

Minor corrections to the document
Address information based on Link Estimation Tool
updates
Additional information to be added as new information
becomes available and if there are specific areas of
focus that readers would like to see addressed.
Forward requests through Dave Butler or Doug
Goedken
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WiMAX RFPG Knowledge Sharing Presentation

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WiMAX Design and Planning

Information Sharing Session

This Planning Guide presentation is

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 2

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 3

This information sharing session will:

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 4

The focus of the WiMAX RF

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 5

Version 1.0: Released on 04 April 2008

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 6

WiMAX RF Planning Guide - Overview

Basic Spectrum Planning

Learn how to allocate spectrum for multiple WiMAX carriers including

Provides information on some of the basic propagation models and the

Provides information on how to estimate the maximum theoretical capacity

Provides information on various antenna parameters, discussion on

Provides information on the various frequency reuse plans available and

Provides some general information on coexistence, i.e. deploying WiMAX in

Provides information on the BSID and preamble planning.

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 7

WiMAX RF Planning Guide

Provides information concerning:

the band class indexes (e.g. frequency spectrum, channel bandwidths,

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 9

WiMAX Forum: Band Class Index and

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 10

WiMAX RF Planning Guide

WiMAX RF Link Budget

Two primary purposes for establishing the WiMAX RF link budget

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 12

WiMAX RF Link Budget

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 13

Information on each RF Link Budget Parameter

Maximum Allowable Pathloss

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 14

WiMAX Features and Devices

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 15

WiMAX RF Planning Guide

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 17

Factors Impacting Coverage

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 18

WiMAX RF Planning Guide

Peak Instantaneous Throughput

Derive resources (data

Scale symbols/frame to bps.

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 20

Retransmissions, CINR, and MAC Scheduler

Sustainable tputs account for

The MAC scheduler prioritizes

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 21

Edge Throughput (Section 5.5)

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 22

Reference Capacity Figures (Sections 5.6)

Overhead discount for 7MHz

Peak Instantaneous Tputs

After accounting for

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 23

Capacity vs. Coverage

Capacity Density and

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 24

Impact on Capacity of Key Factors

Planning Guide, September 4, 2008, Slide: 25

Traffic Loading & Data Call Models