Charophyceae

Presented by:
Dwi Darmayanti
(150341601390)
Koko Murdianto
(150341605345)
Umar Hanif

(150341603597)

Distribution and Habitat

Most of the Charophyceae grow in fresh standing water and upon a
muddy or sandy bottom. A few species grow in brackish water. When
growing in fesh water ponds or lakes, they frequently form extensive
subaquatic meadows that extend downward to a considerable depth
below the surface of the water

Anatomy structure
Cells near a branch apex are without conspicuous central vacuoles
and are always uninucleate. Greatly enlarged cells of mature region.
As those of an internode, have a large central vacuole and may have
a few large irregularly shaped nuclei because of nuclear division by
constriction (amitosis)

Reproduction

Vegetative

Generative

Vegetative reproduction
None of the charophyceae produces zoospores, but many of them produce
asexual reproductive bodies of a vegetative nature. Vegetative propagation
may be effected by:
1.star-shaped aggregates of cells developed from the lower nodes, and
frequently called amylum stars because they are densely filled with starch.
2.Bulbils developed upon rhizoids.
3.Protonema-like outgrowths from a node.

Generative reproduction
All genera reproduce sexually. The male and female fructifications
are usuually called, respectively, antheridia and oogonia, According
to the old terminology, the male fructification is a globule and the
female is a nucule.

Classification
Kingdom
: Protist
Division
: Chlorophyta
Class
: Charophyceae
Order
: Charales
Family
: Characeae
Genus
:
1. Nitella
2. Tolypella
3. Chara

Nitella
The axis and branches of Nitella are differentiated into nodes and internodes
Branches arise in the axils of leave, and two or more may arise at any nodes
Leaves both fertile and sterile are filamentous, once to repeatedly furcate, and
with two three four or more furcation on each of branching
Globule and nucule are borne only on leaves
The nucules have corona with two tiers of five cells each
Some species are homothallic, other are heterothallic

Tolypella
The axis and branches of Tolypella are differentiated into nodes and
internodes
Branches arise in the axils of leaves and two or three of them may arise at any
node
Both fertile and sterile leaves are not differentiated into nodes and internodes
The sterile leaves are filamentous and unusually unbranched, but they have a
few filaments at the apex of cells in the lower portion
The fertile leaves are also filamentous and with an evident axis in which two or
more lateral filament are borne in the apex of each cell in the lower portion
The nucules have corona with two tiers of five cells each
Most species are homothallic

Chara
The primary axis, branches, and leaves of Chara are differentiated into nodes
and internodes.
Branches arise in the axils of leaves, and there is usually but a singgle branch at
a node
Nucules have a corona with a single tear of five cells
May heterothallic or homothallic, but in either case the fructifications atre
restricted to the adaxial side of leaves and ate borne singly at the nodes

Benefit of Charophyceae
Sumber oksigen
Sebagai tanaman hias dalam aquarium
Agar-agar
Membentuk endapan kapur
Indikator pencemaran lingkungan

Thank you