What is the

Log Frame Approach? (LFA)

An analytical management tool that:
Analyzes existing situation during project preparation
Establishes hierarchy of objectives
Identifies potential risks of achieving objectives
Establishes what should be monitored and evaluated

How did LFA evolve?

Planning tool adopted by USAID in the 70s for

overseas development activities

Emerged from private sector management theory
like the management by objectives
Now used by major international development
agencies like CIDA, ISNAR, AusAID, GTZ

Steps in Conducting LFA

1.

Steps of Analysis
1.1 Stakeholder analysis
1.2 Problem analysis
1.3 Objective analysis
1.4 Alternative analysis

2.

Production of the Planning Matrix/Log Frame Matrix

Identification of:
2.1 Objectives/Activities
2.2 Assumptions
2.3 Objectively verifiable indicators
2.4 Means of verification

3.

Other support services

3.1 Construction of the Activities Planning Sheet
3.2 Assessment of the PPM/Log Frame (methodological
applications)
3.3 Assessment of the project organization

Rationale
Stakeholder

any individual or
institution whose interests or stakes are
affected by technical innovations or
policies introduced, or may affect the
utilization of the same innovations or
implementation of a policy introduced in
a community.

e.g. farmer, barangay council, extension worker,

national agencies, cooperatives, bank, businessmen,
NGO

First Step:
Stakeholder Analysis
Identifies who will be affected adversely or benefit
from the project

Identifies roles and interest of stakeholders in

addressing and reaching solutions

Rationale
Different

stakeholders have different

objectives, which are at one time
complementary & at another conflicting.

Central

elements of Stakeholder
Analysis are:
Teamwork
Focused collection of information
Qualitative analysis
Strategic decision-making
Social organization of innovations

Procedure
1. Prepare for the Stakeholders workshop
Know what the stakeholders workshop is all
about, what its purposes are, who are
involved, why these people are involved, &
what are the expected roles they hope to
undertake during the workshop

2. Team building
Team building exercise is aimed at making
the participants or actors coming from
various walks work together, & together
experience & realize the importance of
communication & team work.

3. Define the problem being addressed by

a proposed program or policy

What is the problem?

Who declared the problem?
Who thinks the problem is important? Why?
What is the history of the problem?
What are the causes of the problem?
Who are affected by the problem?
Are the problems urgent?
Who holds the keys to solving the problem?

4. Identify relevant actors and their

objectives
> Why the actor is relevant
> What criteria were used for characterizing a relevant
actor?
> What do the different actors contribute?
> Which actors could be considered as key actors? Why?

5. Trace diversity in actors objectives.

- Different actors have different development objectives.
- Identify the convergences & divergences among relevant
actors identified.
> What is the development objective of each actor? What is
the rationale for such objective?
> What areas are their objectives similar? Different?
> What strategies do they employ in operationalizing their
objectives?

6. Analyze the stakeholders' roles/functions,

interests, strengths, weaknesses, area of
cooperation and/or conflict
- Who are actors more relevant to achieving successful
implementation of the proposed program or policy?
Why?
- Who has contacts with whom (gaps & overlaps)? Why?
- What are the actors strengths & weakness with
respect to stimulating performance?

Stakeholder
A.

Institutional
Stakeholders (e.g.
NGAs, SCUs,
LGUs, NGOs, Banks,
private companies,
etc.)

DA
DAR
NFA
NIA
PLGU
Partido SU
Bank
PCIC

B. Local Stakeholders
(e.g. FAs, IAs,
Fishermens Ass, RICs,
4H Clubs, traders, Coops,
etc. )

Role/
Function

Resources

Interest

Strengths/
Potential

Weaknesses/
Limitations

Area(s) of
Cooperation