Chapter 17

Cells: The Basic Units of Life

 April 27, 2010
• Focus: Use the pictures and cards at your desk
to match the definitions of each part of the
cell. Put your predictions in your notebook.
Write in pencil. We will go back to them later.
 April 28, 2010
• Name the five scientists
responsible for the discovery of
cells and discuss what they did.
 Five heart beats of cells
• Robert Hooke
• Anton Van Leewenhoek
• Matthias Schleden
• Theodor Schwann
• Rudolf Virchow
 Answers to focus
• Robert Hooke first to describe cells.
• Anton Van Leewenhoek first microscope to
look at cell.
• Matthias Schleden studied plant cells.
• Theodor Schwann studied animals.
• Rudolf Virchow cells come from other cells.
 cell
• the smallest unit that can perform all life
processes
 The Cell Theory states:
– All organisms are made of one or more cells.
– The cell is the basic unit of all living things.
– All cells come from existing cells.
 organelles
• – structures that perform specific functions
within the cell
 cytoplasm –
• the fluid in the cell and almost all of its
contents
 nucleus
• – membrane-bound organelle that contains
the cell’s DNA – has a role in processes like
growth, metabolism and reproduction
 nucleus
• – in eukaryotic cells
• contains DNA
• many cells contain nucleolus in the nucleus
which is where cell begins to make ribosomes
 DNA
• – genetic material that carries information
needed to make new cells & new organisms
 
 Nuclear membrane
Surround the nucleus
 cell membrane
• – a protective layer that covers the cell’s
surface and acts as a barrier – controls
materials going in and out
 
 cell membrane
• – protective barrier that surrounds a cell
• made of proteins, lipids, and phospholipids
• controls movement of nutrients & water in
• and wastes out
 Cell wall
• – rigid structure that gives support to a cell
• - found in prokaryotes & plant cells
• made of cellulose
 cytoskeleton
• – a web of proteins that keeps cell membrane
from collapsing
 ribosomes –
• organelle that makes proteins
• smallest organelle
• some float in cytoplasm and some attached
to ER
• found in all cells
 endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• – internal delivery system
• - system of folded membranes in which
proteins, lipids, and other materials are made
• 2 types: smooth and rough
 mitochondria
• – “power house” of the cell
• breaks down sugar to produce energy
• found in eukaryotic cells
• site of cellular respiration
 chloroplasts
• – found in plants and algae
• site of photosynthesis
• contain chlorophyll
 Golgi complex –
• packages and distributes proteins
• resembles smooth ER
 vesicle
• – a bubble that forms from golgi complex
membrane
• surrounds materials to be moved in or out of
the cell
• found in eukaryotic cells
 lysosomes
• – vesicles responsible for digestion in the cell
• destroys worn out/damaged organelles
• removes wastes
• known as “garbage collector”
• found mainly in animal cells
 vacuole
• – a large vesicle
• some aid in digestion
• some store water and other liquids and give
support to the cell
 Centriole
• Small dark body near the nucleus that helps
with cell division
 April 29, 2010

• Name the parts of a cell.

How are animal cells
different from plant
cells?
 Read p. 502 – 504
Kinds of Cells
Take Notes

• Prokaryotes • Eukaryotes
 Types of Cells
Prokaryotes Eukaryotes
• No nucleus • Do have a nucleus
• Single celled • Single or multicelled

• Ex. • Ex.
• Two kinds
• Plant cells
• Eubacteria
• Animal cells
• Called bacteria
• Yeast
• Archaebacteria • Protist
• Called archea • Mushroom
 Read Chapter 17 Section 3
p. 514- 516
Benefits of Multicellular organisms Cells working together
What are cells?

• List all the benefits What are tissues?

What are organs?

What are organs systems?

How do they work together?
 Prokaryotes
Eubacteria Archaebacteria
• Also called bacteria • Also called archea
• No nucleus • Largest single celled
• Smallest
• Live in water, teeth, skin, soil, • Three kinds
digestive system
• Methane making
• No membrane bound DNA
• Salt loving
• Cell wall
• • Heat loving
Cell membrane
• Ribosomes • Called Extremophiles
• Flagellum for movement
 April 30, 2010
• Name the two major
categories of cells and
describe each
Microscope Parts
Microscope Magnification