CIties, towns and villages during the Harappan

civilization, their management

My Topic of discussion :
Towns or villages during early Harappan phase in Indus valley civilization
Towns or villages during mature Harappan phase in Indus valley civilization
Towns or villages during late Harappan phase in Indus valley civilization
City walls and gateways
Great Public bath and Granary
Wells

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Towns or villages during early Harappan phase in Indus valley civilization

The Early
Harappan Ravi
Phase, named after
the nearby Ravi
River. It is related
to the Hakra
Phase, identified in
the GhaggarHakra River
Valley to the west,
and predates
the Kot Diji Phase
(28002600 BCE,
Harappan 2),
named after a site
in northern Sindh,
Pakistan,
near Mohenjodaro

4/9/16

Ravi River

Ghaggar-Hakra River

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Cities, Towns or villages during mature Harappan phase in Indus valley civilization
By 2600 BCE, the
Early Harappan
communities turned
into large urban
centres. Such urban
centres
include Harappa,Ganer
iwala, Mohenjo-Daro in
modern-day Pakistan,
Planned towns and cities
and Dholavira, Kaliban
of Mohenjodaro
gan, Rakhigarhi, Rupar
, and Lothal in modernday India. In total,
more than 1,052 cities
and settlements have
been found, mainly in
the general region of
the Indus Rivers and
their tributaries.
View of Granary and Great Hall on Mound F in Harappa
4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Towns or villages during late Harappan phase in Indus valley civilization

Around 1800 BCE,

signs of a gradual
decline began to
emerge, and by
around 1700 BCE,
most of the cities
were abandoned. In
1953, Sir Mortimer
Wheeler proposed
that the decline of
the Indus
Civilization was
caused by the
invasion of an IndoEuropean tribe from
Central Asia called
the "Aryans.

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

City walls and gateways -1

Citadel
4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

You can see that

Dholavira has a
clear geometrical
layout, quite unlike
the more random
patterns of the
older cities. Its
rebuilding in 2500
BCE was centrally
planned and
directed. What look
like rivers on that
plan are seasonal
drainages for
monsoon rain, very
shallow and dry for
most of the year.

City walls and gateways - 2

Citadel
A digital reconstruction Of the Dholavira

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

City walls and gateways - 3

Mud Bricks At Dholavira in Rann of Kutch

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

City walls and gateways -4

Sun baked bricks

veneered
with locally
available limestone
Blocks.
Gateways on
cardinal direction.
At least eight
gateways have
been noticed at
Dholavira.
4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

City walls and gateways -5

A Planned settlement at Kalibangan a Harappan site

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

City walls and gateways -6

North Gateway Of Dholavira

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

City walls and gateways -6

At Harappa a
sequence of four
drains built one
after the other has
been found exiting
the city at the main
GATEWAY
between Mound E
and Mound ET.
Some drains
appear to have
been provided
with wooden
sluice gate or
perhaps a grill
to keep people
from secretly
entering into
the walled city
4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Great Public Bath and Granary-1

Great Bath
Great Bath (12x
7 x 2.5 m)
and Great Hall
sequence - Great
Bath drain
cuts through the
edge of the
platform of the
Great Hall
Granary with air ducts or air passage
Loading Platform

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Great Public Bath and Granary-2

A closer view
of the Great
Bath of
Mohenjodaro

A digital
Reconstruction of the
Great Public Bath

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Great Bath and Granary-3

Granary at
Mohenjodaro at
south western
corner of Great
Bath; on top of a
tapered brick
platform; a solid
brick foundation
measures 50x24m
with 27 square and
rectangular blocks
separated by
narrow passages;
some blocks had
square sockets for
holding wooden
beams or pillars.

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Wells-1

Well at Lothal in Gujrat

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Wells-2

Private wells, oval and

pipal leaf shaped

At Mohenjo-daro, most houses or

blocks of houses had at least one
private well (> 700 wells).

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal

Thank You..!!

4/9/16

Presentation by: Anirban Mandal