Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TELEC O M M U N IC ATIO N S ,
TH E IN TER N ET, A N D
W IR ELESS TEC H N O LO G Y
telephone networks
computer networks
access
Broadband wireless:
Voice and data communication as well as Internet
Server computer
Aserveris acomputerprogram or a machine that waits for
Connection medium
Link through with devices communicate
Hub or switch
Hubsand switchesfunctionas a common connection point for
Router
Arouter[a]is a networking device that forwards data packets
C orporate
N etw ork
Infrastructure
Packet sw itching
Method of slicing digital messages into
points
Function ofM O D EM
N etw ork
Topologies
devices
Microwave
Satellites
Cellular telephones
Transmission speed
Hertz
Frequency: the number of times
that something happens during a
particular period
Bandwidth
In computing, bandwidth is the
bit-rate of available or consumed
information capacity expressed
typically in metric multiples of
bits per second. Variously,
bandwidth may be characterized
G lobalinternet
What is the Internet?
Connecting to the Internet
Internet service providers (ISPs)
Services
DSL, cable, satellite, T lines (T1, T3)
Internet addressing and architecture
IP addresses
Internet Architecture
Trunk lines (backbone networks)
Transcontinental, 45mbps to 2.5 gbps
Regional networks
ISPs
Internet Governance
No formal management
Policies established by professional, government
organizations
IAB
ICANN
Assign IP addresses
W3C
Sets standards for HTML and other programming
languages
Newsgroups
Telnet
Search engines
Started in early 1990s as relatively simple
Shopping bots
Use intelligent agent software for
W eb 2.0
Second-generation interactive Internet-based
Intranets
Use existing network infrastructure with
Internet connectivity standards software
developed for the Web
Create networked applications that can
run on many types of computers
Protected by firewalls
Extranets
Allow authorized vendors and customers
access to an internal intranet
Used for collaboration
Also subject to firewall protection
Cellular systems
Competing standards for cellular
service
United States: CDMA
Most of rest of world: GSM
CDMA
CDMA (Code-Division Multiple Access) refers to any of
several protocols used in second-generation (2G) and thirdgeneration (3G)wireless communications. As the term
implies, CDMA is a form ofmultiplexing, which allows
numerous signals to occupy a single transmissionchannel,
optimizing the use of availablebandwidth. The technology
is used in ultra-high-frequency (UHF)cellular telephone
systems in the 800-MHzand 1.9-GHz bands.
GSM
(Global System for Mobile communication) is a digital
3G
The term 3Ginternetrefers to the third generation of
W iM A X
WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability
R adio frequency
identif c
iation (R FID )
Use tiny tags with embedded microchips
and software
Reduction in cost
R adio frequency
identif c
iation (R FID )