INTRODUCTION TO

FIRST
AID/EMERGENCY
CARE
Prepared by:
Titin Norlela Binti
Suparman

Introduction to First Aid

The first people on the scene, the
First Aiders, can initiate various lifesaving procedures:
Airway & respiratory intervention
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Bleeding control
Special wound care
Stabilization of spinal injuries
Splinting of fractures

Definition of First Aid

First Aid is the immediate care given to a
person who is injured or who suddenly
becomes ill.
First Aid include recognize life-threatening
conditions & taking effective action to keep
the injured or ill person alive & in the best
possible condition until medical treatment
can be obtained.
Cont..

Definition of First Aid

First Aid does not replace the
physician, nurse, or paramedic.
Primary principles of first aid is to
activate the Emergency Medical
Services (EMS) system in all cases
of serious injury.

The principal aims of first aid

are to:
Recognize life-threatening situations
Activate the EMS system
Supply artificial ventilation & circulation
when needed
Control bleeding
Care for other life-threatening conditions
Minimize further injury & complications
Prevent infection
Make the victim as comfortable as
possible

First Aid General

Procedures
Observe the accident scene
Keep yourself & others at the scene
safe
Gain access to the victim(s) &
determine any immediate threats to
life
Provide basic life support to those
lives are threatened
Should activate the EMS system for
any serious or potentially serious

Arranging for Medical

Assistance
Activating the EMS System
The exact location of the victim
Complete address

The phone number where can be

reached
Any information about the victim that
will help them to send an appropriate
personnel & equipment

First Aider Skills

Control an accident scene to prevent further
injury
Gain access to victims in the easiest & safest
ways possible
Open a victims airway
Perform rescue breathing
Provide one- & two-rescuer cardiopulmonary
resuscitation
Control bleeding by direct pressure, elevation,
pressure points, & tourniquets
Detect & care for shock
Cont..

First Aider Skills

Detect & care for soft-tissue & internal injuries
Perform basic dressing & bandaging
techniques
Detect & care for open & close fractures
Detect & care poisoning, including poisoning
by drugs
Detect & care for heart attack, stroke, diabetic
coma, insulin shock, & seizures
Detect & care for facial & head injuries &
chest injuries (fractures ribs, flail chest, &
penetrating chest wounds)
Cont..

First Aider Skills

Detect & care for superficial, partialthickness & full-thickness burns, &
smoke inhalation
Detect & care for heat- & cold-related
injuries
Perform emergency & nonemergency moves

Infectious Disease
Transmission
Infectious disease, A disease that
can be transmitted from one person
to another or from an insect or
animal to a person
All body fluids should be considered
infectious, including
Saliva, blood, vaginal secretions,
semen, amniotic fluid (the fluid that
surrounds a fetus in the uterus), and
fluids that lubricate the brain, spine,
lungs, heart, abdominal organs, &
joints & tendons

Diseases of concern in the

emergency setting
Bloodborne Pathogens

Hepatitis B viral infection of the liver

Hepatitis C can lead to permanent liver damage or
cancer of the liver
HIV suppresses the immune system & interferes with
the bodys ability to defend itself against other diseases.

Other infectious diseases

Herpes infection of the skin through contact with

active lesions
Tuberculosis severe lung infection through air or
direct contact with nasal or oral secretions (coughing,
spitting, or simply speaking)
Meningitis an infection of the membranes lining the
brain & spinal cord through infected water, food, air, or
direct contact.

How infectious diseases can

spread

Protecting yourself from risk of

infection
Make sure your immunizations are up to
date.
MMR (measles [skin rash], mumps [enlargement
of the two salivary glands in the cheeks] , rubella
[Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) is an
important cause of severe birth defects] )
DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)
Varicella (chicken pox)
Hepatitis B
Influenza immunizations

Protecting yourself from risk of

infection
Wear disposable protective gloves
whenever have direct contact with a
victim
Do not use gloves that are:

Discolored
Brittle
Punctured
Torn

Protecting yourself from risk of

infection
If there is risk of significant body fluid
contact, wear additional disposable
protective gear, such as a face mask,
protective eyewear, & a gown

Protecting yourself from risk of

infection
Wash your hands thoroughly with
soap & hot water or an antibacterial
agent immediately after providing
care, even if you were wearing
gloves; be sure to scrub under your
fingernails.

Protecting yourself form risk of

infection
Avoid touching your mouth, nose, or
eyes or any personal items (such as
a comb, car keys, or food) until you
have washed your hands.

Protecting yourself from risk of

infection
Use a pocket mask if possible when
giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.

THANK
YOU..