Makronutrient and

micronutrient In Pregnancy

Calori

Function: as energy. If caloric intake is

inadequate, then the protein will be metabolized
to produce energy and not used for fetal growth
and development.
extra calories
First trimester: not absolute
Second trimester: for mom growth
third trimester : for growing children
Energy needs of pregnant women 75000-80000
kcal when in the long gestation-> per day + 300
kcal
Interchangeable excess calories lead to obesity
and is a factor of preeclampsia.
Amount of weight gain should be no more dr 1012 kg during pregnancy

Protein
Function: for the growth and development of the
fetus, placenta, uterus and breast and to improve
maternal blood volume.
Last 6 months of pregnancy, precipitation occurs
approximately 1kg of protein equivalent to 5-6 g /
day
Recommended protein source derived from
animal, for example: meat, milk, eggs, cheese,
chicken and fish products, as it contains an
optimum combination of amino acids.
Protein deficiency: premature birth, animia,
edema

Mineral
iron
Function: maintain hemoglobin concentration in normal circumstances
Iron in pregnant women is needed as much as 30mg / day, especially after
the second trimester
Deficiency of iron deficiency anemia
calcium
Function: for the growth of the fetus, particularly for muscular and skeletal
development
Pregnant women are about 30 grams of calcium meresistensi mostly
settles in the fetus during late pregnancy
Deficiency rickets or osteomalacia infant on the mother
zinc
Function: as a component of insulin, RNA & DNA Synthesis, a cofactor for
the enzyme
The recommended daily intake is 15 mg
Deficiency: decreased appetite, suboptimal growth, impaired wound
healing, causing kecebolan and hypogonadism, causing skin disorders
(such as: akrodermatitis enteropatik)

Mineral
iodine
Function: the baby's needs and address the spending meningkatanya
iodine in urine mother
Iodine is required during pregnancy is 175g
Deficiency predisposes endemic cretinism in the fetus are marked by
severe neurological defects and multiple
magnesium
Deficiency: tremor, convoluted and contraction decreased at parturition
Buried in the bone, nerve and muscle cells
In pregnant women needed as much as 320mg
copper
Enzymes containing copper for instance cytochrome oxidase, an
important role of oxidative processes and a lot of importance in the
production of most of the energy needed for metabolism
Copper deficiency during pregnancy has not been reported
Currently some prenatal supplements containing 2mg of copper per
tablet

Vitamin
Folic acid
Function; as for cell maturation of red blood cells
The amount needed in pregnant women is 400g / day
Deficiency Megaloblastic anemia in the mother hamik
Vit. A
Adequate intake of vitamin A to meet the needs of most pregnant
women. Therefore, routine supplementation during pregnancy is not
recommended, because there is a correlation between birth defects and
vit.A intake of high doses (10,000 -50 000 IU) per day during pregnancy.
Vitamin A is teratogenic in humans and animals
Vitamin B12
Decreased levels vary during normal pregnancy because of the declining
plasma transkobalamin and can be prevented in part by supplementation
Vegetarian total may lead to the birth of a baby with his mistress vit.B12
low. Moreover, because of the mother's breast milk contains less Vit.B12,
the more conspicuous deficiency in the baby
vitamin C
Required daily intake during pregnancy is 70mg / day or 20% more dr
nonpregnant women
Deficiency: premture membrane rupture, preeclampsia