Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Magnetic circuits
Contents
Hysteresis losses
Eddy current losses
Introduction to permanent magnets
Hysteresis losses
When a magnetic material undergoes
cyclic magnetization, two kinds of power
losses occur in ithysteresis and eddycurrent losses, which together are known
as core-loss.
The core-loss is important in determining
heating, temperature rise, rating and
efficiency of transformers, machines and
other ac run magnetic devices.
3
Hysteresis Loss
Hysteresis Loss
As the mmf is increased from zero to its maximum
value, the energy stored in the field per unit volume
of material is
10
PERMANENT MAGNETS
There are three classes of permanent magnet
materials (or hard magnetic materials) used for
permanent magnet dc (PMDC) motors, Alnicos,
ceramics (ferrites) and rare-earth materials.
Alnico magnets are used in motors up to 200
kW, while ceramic magnets are most
economical in fractional kW motors.
The rare-earth magnetic materials are very
costly, but are the most economic choice in
very small motors.
11
Permanent Magnetization or
Residual Flux Density (Br)
It is the flux density trapped in closed
magnetic structure if the applied
mmf (and therefore the magnetic
field intensity, H) were reduced to
zero.
12
Coercivity
It is the measure of
mmf (or H) which,
when applied to
the
magnetic
circuit,
would
reduce
its
flux
density to zero, i.e.
it
would
demagnetize
the
material.
Its
value
is
negative and in
13