HIGH SPEED TRAIN

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DEFINITION
High Speed Railways does not have a clear cut definition.
Generally it is referred to as a type of rail that travels significantly
faster than traditional rail traffic. It uses an integrated system of
specialised rolling stock and dedicated tracks.
While there is no single standard that applies worldwide, new lines
in excess of 250 km/h and existing lines in excess of 200 km/h are
widely considered to be high-speed, with some extending the
definition to include much lower speeds (e.g. 160 km/h) in areas for
which these speeds still represent significant improvements.
The first such system began operations in Japan in 1964 and was
widely known as the bullet train. High speed rail programs have been
successful in Japan, China and several European countries such as
France, Germany and Spain.

HISTORY
1899

1964

1981

German Engineers sought a high speed train.

Japan Capitalized on High Speed Train.

Shinkanse also known as bullet train
Went 210km/h and carried 100millian people in fist 3 years

HSR revolution began in Europe starting with France

A diesel-powered railcar was modified with a gas-turbine, and
was called "TGV".
It reached 230km/h

FEATURE
No

level crossings (grade crossings)

Fenced off
Concrete foundations
Wide spacing between lines
Curves of radius less than 5 km are avoided and are
tilted
Through stations are constructed with 4 tracks
Tunnels avoided

TECHNOLOGY
MAGLAV is the principle used in working of modern high speed train

MAGLAV-derived from MAGnet and LEVitation

Magnetic levitation transport is a form of transportation that

suspend guides and propels vehicles through the harnessing of
electromagnetic force

WORKING OF MAGLAV
A maglev train floats about 10mm above the
guideway on a magnetic field.
It is propelled by the guide way itself rather than an
onboard engine by changing magnetic fields
Once the train is pulled into the next section the
magnetism switches so that the train is pulled on
again.
The Electro-magnets run the length of the guide
way.

MAGLEV TECHNOLOGY
There are two primary types of maglev technology:
1.

Electromagnetic suspension (EMS)

2.

Electrodynamic suspension (EDS)

ELECTROMAGNETIC
SUSPENSION
In current EMS systems, the train levitates above
a steel rail while electromagnets, attached to the
train, are oriented toward the rail from below.
The electromagnets use feedback control to
maintain a train at a constant distance from the
track.

ELECTRODYNAMIC SUSPENSION
In Electrodynamic suspension, both the rail and
the train exert a magnetic field, and the train is
levitated by the repulsive force between these
magnetic fields
The magnetic field in the train is produced by
either electromagnets or by an array of permanent
magnets.
The repulsive force in the track is created by an
induced magnetic field in wires or other conducting
strips in the track.

ADVANTAGS

Reduction of travel time of passengers

Fast accessibility to urban centres, lead to

economical and industrial growth

Cope up higher demand for passenger and

freight traffic

HSR route will help in commercial growth

Land required by the HSR is very less, reducing

environmental impact

It is Energy Efficient mode with compared to

other modes of transportation

DISADVANTAGES
Huge Investment- Financial Viability is major Issue
Economical factors- Balance of income and out goings
Technological factors like Technology for TracksTrains, Technology for Operation & geometrical
changes required
High Running and maintenance costs

Safety consideration of Passengers as well as

Surroundings

High cost of journey will affect the affordability of

Common man

HIGH SPEED TRAIN IN

INDIA
As part of Indias two pronged strategy there is a focus on
upgradation of existing railway system to semi high speed links
parallely with bullet trains.
Indian Railways aims to increase the speed of passenger trains to
160200 km/h on dedicated conventional tracks. They intend to
improve their existing conventional lines to handle speeds of up to
160 km/h, with a goal of speeds above 200 km/h on new tracks with
improved technology.
In July 2014, a trial run of a semi-high speed train with 10
coaches and 2 generators reached a speed of 160 km/h between New
Delhi and Agra, but no date has been set for commercial operations.

PROPOSED ROUTE FOR BULLET

TRAIN

DIAMOND QUADRILATERAL
Project of the Indian railways to establish high speed rail network in
India.
Connect the four metro cities: Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata.
Track Gauge :1676 mm
Speed :250-350 km/hr
Length : 6500-7000 km

ECONOMY
According to Forbes India, the costs for
constructing such rail lines in India are
estimated to be Rs 70-100 crores perk.
Therefore the Mumbai-Ahmedabad route of
500km, will cost Rs 37,000 crores to build.

With the cost of land acquisition etc, the

price will go up to about Rs60,000 crores.

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