Umts

E.
Sicard - Introduction to UMTS
Part 4 - Introduction to UMTS
04/04/16
etienne.sicard@insa-t
E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS
Contents
From GSM to UMTS

UMTS Launch
Specifications
Channels
Mobile Architecture
Quality of Service
UMTS Business
04/04/16
1. From GSM to UMTS

From 2G to 3G
GSM
GPRS
SMS
PDC
AMPS
Wap
W-CDMA
TDMA-Edge
UWC-136
04/04/16
UMTS
2001
AMPS = Advanced Mobile Phone System

CDMA = Code division multiple access
GSM= Global System for Mobiles
GPRS = General Packet Radio Service
EDGE = Enhanced data rates for GSM Evolution
IMT = International Mobile Telecom
PDC=Pacific Digital Com
SMS= Short Message Service
UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecom System
UWC = Universal Wireless Com
WAP = Wireless Application Protocol
IMT 2000
1. From GSM to UMTS

Universal what?
GSM
IS-136
GPRS
ETSI
( Europe )
UTRA/FDD
IMT-DS
USA
UWC-136
IMT-SC
UTRA/TDD
IMT-TC
8 other candidates
CWTS
Chine
DECT
IMT-FT
CDMA
2000
IMT-MC
TIA
( US )
DECT
IS95
UMTS=One name, 5 uncompatible systems
04/04/16
1. From GSM to UMTS

From 2G to 3G mobile
Mobile Generation 2, 2.5
GSM
Global System for Mobiles
0.012Mb/s
GPRS
Global Packet Radio Service
0.17Mb
EDGE
Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution
0.47Mb
Mobile Generation 3
UTRA/FDD
(IMT-DS) International Mobile Telecom-Direct Spread
1.9 Mb
UTRA/TDD
(IMT-TC) International Mobile Telecom-Time code
1.9 Mb
Cdma2000
(IMT-MC) International Mobile Telecom-Multi Carrier
0.8-6Mb
UWC-136
(IMT-SC) International Mobile Telecom-Single Carrier
0.4-2Mb
http://www.gsmworld.com/technology/glossary.shtml
04/04/16
2. UMTS Launch
2002-2004 : who started?
04/04/16
2. UMTS Launch
Telecom
crash
Bandwidth increase
Bandwidth (kb/s)
50M
subscribers
300M
subscribers
HSPA+
UMTS
HSPA
1000
Annoucements
GPRS
UMTS
100
GPRS
GSM
Reality
10
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
Year
04/04/16
2. UMTS Launch
Mobility vs. bandwidth
Bandwidth (kb/s)
10,000
1000
WLAN
802.11
WiFi
3.9G
HS P
A, H
3G W
SPA
+
CDM
A
2.5G GPR
S, EDGE
100
2G GSM
10
Local
High
Moderate
Mobility
04/04/16

2G network
3. Specifications
Home
Location
Register
UMTS Network
AI
(Air
Interface)
RNC
HLR
Visitor
Location
Register
VLR
Gx
Gr
IP
network
Iur
(Interface RNC
to RNC)
User
Equipment
(UE)
Iub
(Interface
NodeB to
RNC)
Base
Station
(Node B)
04/04/16
S
G
S
N
G
G
S
N
Iu
(Interface to
unit)
Radio
Network
Controller
(RNC)
Serving
GPRS
Support
Node
(SGSN)
Gateway
GPRS
Support
Node
(GGSN)
3. Specification
Node B Example
04/04/16
10
3. Specification
Node B Antenna design
BTS & Node B antenna placed on one of the Churches in

Sopot, Poland on the left side zoom on the antenna on the
right overall view of the church
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Base_station
04/04/16
11
3. Specifications
Frequencies
04/04/16
12
3. Specifications
3G in France
No customer!
619M cost
SFR
1920
Bouygues
1935
1950
Downlink
SFR
2110
Orange
1965
Market share mobile Q2 2008

Orange: 43%
SFR: 35%
Bouygues: 17%
1980
Frequency
No customer!
Bouygues
2125
04/04/16
2140
Orange
2155
2170
Frequency
13
3. Specifications
UMTS Frequency reuse for all mobiles (WCDMA)
Frequency reuse
Orange
f
1965
04/04/16
1980
14
3. Specifications
Sectors
http://www.nasontek.com
04/04/16
15
3. Specifications
Handover
Hard handover
Soft handover
Average : in contact with 3 NodeB
04/04/16
16
3. Specifications
2G-3G and other networks
Internet
Service Providers
IP
Network
G3 FAX
MODEM
RAC (ISP)
Narrowband
Access
Networks
ACCESS
EXCHANGE
G3 FAX
2G Wireless
Infrastructure
GSM, GPRS, EDGE
Circuit
MEDIA GATEWAY
MODEM
MSC
H.323
TERMINAL
WORK
STATION
BSC
BTS
Narrowband
- Broadband
Gateway
SERVER
IP/ATM Telephony
ATM/IP
SWITCH
Packet
DSLAM
Node B
MSC
RNC
WCDMA
Broadband
Access
Networks
Central
Office
xDSL
Modem
04/04/16
IP
3G Wireless
Infrastructure
Network
UMTS: only one part of the puzzle17
4. Channels
Channel Family
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Downlink (DL)

Paging Control Channel (PCCH), DL
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), UL/DL
Common Control Channel (CCCH), UL/DL
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), UL/DL

Common Traffic Channel (CTCH), Unidirectional (one to many)
Logical Channel
Medium
MediumAccess
AccessControl
Control(MAC)
(MAC)
Transport Channel
Physical Channel
Dedicated Transport Channel (DCH), UL/DL

Broadcast Channel (BCH), DL
Forward Access Channel (FACH), DL
Paging Channel (PCH), DL
Random Access Channel (RACH), UL
Uplink Common Packet Channel (CPCH), UL
Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH), DL
Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (SCCPCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)
Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
04/04/16
Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)
Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)
Paging Indication Channel (PICH)
CPCH Status Indication Channel (CSICH)
Collision Detection/Channel Assignment Indication Channel (CD/CA-IC
18
4. Channels
Channel Interaction
Dedicated
Traffic
Channel
(DTCH)
Downlink
Shared
Channel
(DSCH)
Physical
Downlink
Shared
Channel
(PDSCH)
www.umtsworld.com/technology/UMTSChannels.htm.
04/04/16
19
4. Channels
WCDMA frame
There are 15 slots per W-CDMA frame.

Each frame is 10 ms long
Each frame has 38400 chips (3.84 MChips/s)
Should divide by code length to get b/s
04/04/16
20
4. Channels
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), UL
Information Data
CRC
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), UL

80
2560
100
2576
Turbo-code
360
7740
Radio Matching
Interleaving
2293
2293
Tx channel
240 kb/s
2293
107
2293
2293
2293
107
107
2293
107
2293
107
107
107
107
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)
04/04/16
21
5. CDMA
Freq.
Freq.
CDMA vs TDMA
Time
Time
TDMA System (GSM)

Time Division Multiple Access
04/04/16
CDMA System (UMTS)

Code Division Multiple Access
22
5. CDMA
CDMA vs TDMA
GSM
UMTS
Amplitude
Amplitude
13 kbits/sec
2 Mbits/sec
f
0.2 MHz
f
5 MHz
Use a wider channel, continuously

One code= 384 kbit/s max; 5 code for one user= 2Mb/s
04/04/16
23
5. CDMA
CDMA channel
04/04/16
24
5. CDMA
CDMA spread signal robustness
Spectral density
Spectral density
Signal
Noise, Interference
Spread
Signal
Tx
freq
Rx
freq
Robust against interference (signal below noise)

Secure communications thanks to codes
Robust against multiple path
Complex to implement (TDMA easier)
04/04/16
25
5. CDMA
CDMA equalization
CDMA cannot work if one source is too strong
TDMA dont care
04/04/16
26
5. CDMA
Principles
Code : 1 = * 1, 0 =*-1 example: 11011001
The code has usually balanced 1 and 0
emission
Data
8 bit code
Data x Code
receive
Code
Data x Code
One chip
One codeetienne.sicard@insa-t
04/04/16
27
5. CDMA
Code = 0000 0000
Symbol
Phase
change
Symbol
Phase
change
Symbol
Phase
change
Code = 0101 0101
Code
Phase
change
04/04/16
28
5. CDMA
Valid receiver
Received signal
8-bit Code
Signal x Code
Integration
Valid 1
04/04/16
Valid 0
29
5. CDMA
Invalid receiver
Received signal
Other code
Signal x code
integration
In practice: Gold code 32 bits
04/04/16
30
6. Mobile Architecture
RAKE Receiver
analogous function to a
garden rake
Each component is
decoded independently
higher signal-to-noise ratio
in a multipath environment
04/04/16
31
Broadcom
architecture
04/04/16
32
NXP architecture
04/04/16
33
Inside a 3G
Motorola
mobile
04/04/16
34
RCP technology from Freescale
04/04/16
35
7. Quality of Service
QoS GSM vs. UMTS
GSM
UMTS
Activity
1/8
Full time
Standby
Very low
consumption
Channel control
Subsystem
Arm7
Ram
Rom
Arm9
DSP
(X 20 more power)
Modulation
GMSK, saturated
PA
AM, PM, more

linear PA
04/04/16
36
Traffic Classes
Traffic Class
Talk
Characteristics
Small transfer rate. Constant transfer
rate. Errors tolerated. Delay <<1s
Streaming
Small errors tolerated. Delay <10s.
Interactive
Errors not tolerated. Fast exchange rate.

Delay around 1s.
Background
Errors not tolerated. Low rate. Delay

>10s.
04/04/16
Applications
Voice
Video-Phone
Multimedia data.
HiFi. Fixed images
Internet
Network games
E-Mail
37
5. Quality
7.
Mobile Architecture
of Service
Coding
4 different data
rate
4 different
coding
scheme
Strong protection
Weak protection
The quality of service depends on the application
Various classes from 0.44 Kbit/s to 111 Kbit/s
Various Priorities : low, normal, high
04/04/16
38
Measured signal power
Received signal power (dB)
1/d2
Power (dB)
Distance to
emitter
Short distance loss
Time (s)
-10
Time (s)
-10
5Km/H
04/04/16
50Km/H
39
Effective data rate
Mbit/second
No doppler effect, no delay spread
(5 code for one UE)
2.0
Assign only one code
Strong Doppler effect, delay spread
Use Time domain multiplexing
0.384
0.144
User Speed
5 Km/H
50 Km/H
250 Km/H
2 Mb in pico-cells, with direct visual link UE and base
04/04/16
40
8. UMTS Business
The UMTS license has been the worst economical failure in modern history
04/04/16
41
8. UMTS Business
Return on investissement (ROI)
Profit
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
Licence 619M (France)
Investissement 3000 M
Loss
04/04/16
42
8. UMTS Business
UMTS Network
3G networks cover 50 to 70% of 2G networks

Idea: reuse 900 MHz band for UMTS
900 MHz is more efficient (larger cells)
Reuse existing 2G antennas
Share UMTS 900 with other operators
Node B
operator
B
Node B
operator
A
04/04/16
43

8. UMTS Business
Not only a phone, a new
era for services
Navigation, diagnosis
emergency
Video, internet
Music, games
GGSN
Ls ?
Autre rseau?
Gateway
RNC
Node B
High
speed
link
Serveur
Renault
Intranet Application Servers
End User
04/04/16
Adapted from Segarra Renault
44
8. UMTS Business
30 years
50 Million radios
50 Million TV
50 Million GSM
50 Million UMTS
10 years
5 years
3 years
From D. Bel Internet
Mobile et UMTS, HermesLavoisier 2002
04/04/16
45
8. UMTS Business
Subscribers 2008
WCDMA Subscribers Oct 2nd, 07, 22h50

162,598,917
WCDMA Subscribers Sept 6, 08, 19h47
286,936,348
Top 10 operators 2008
Top 10 countries 2008
http://www.umts-forum.org
04/04/16
46
8. UMTS Business
Electronic Component Market growth (%)
1995
40%
2000
Average growth
2008
10 %?
20%
Intel 32nm technology

targeted to mobile &
laptops
2001
-20%
83
86
04/04/16
89
92
95
98
01
04
07
10
Year
47
8. UMTS Business
Japan : the incubator
85% of Japanese
mobiles operating in
3G by end 2008
High resolution
screen
Commuting
Technology lovers
Incubator for new

services
04/04/16
48
8. UMTS Business
A European Giant : ST-Microelectronics + NXP Wireless +Ericsson
04/04/16
49
Conclusion
UMTS basis described, based on 5 standards

300 Million subscribers end 2008 (3.7 B total)
Principles of spread spectrum illustrated
Code division improves confidentiality and robustness
2 Mb achieved in very good conditions: short distance, low speed
Quality of service for data, image and voice
A new page of the mobile phone legend ?
04/04/16
50

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E.

Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Part 4 - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

From GSM to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

1. From GSM to UMTS

AMPS = Advanced Mobile Phone System

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

1. From GSM to UMTS

UMTS=One name, 5 uncompatible systems

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

1. From GSM to UMTS

Global System for Mobiles

Global Packet Radio Service

Enhanced Data Rate for GSM Evolution

(IMT-DS) International Mobile Telecom-Direct Spread

(IMT-TC) International Mobile Telecom-Time code

(IMT-MC) International Mobile Telecom-Multi Carrier

(IMT-SC) International Mobile Telecom-Single Carrier

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

BTS & Node B antenna placed on one of the Churches in

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Market share mobile Q2 2008

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Average : in contact with 3 NodeB

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

GSM, GPRS, EDGE

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH), Downlink (DL)

Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH), UL/DL

Dedicated Transport Channel (DCH), UL/DL

Downlink Shared Channel (DSCH), DL

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (PCCPCH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

There are 15 slots per W-CDMA frame.

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH), UL

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

TDMA System (GSM)

CDMA System (UMTS)

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Use a wider channel, continuously

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Robust against interference (signal below noise)

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

TDMA dont care

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS

Code = 0101 0101

E. Sicard - Introduction to UMTS