Hidrologi

Siklus Hidrologi
Hujan
Evaporasi
Infiltrasi
Hidrometri

Transformasi hujan
aliran
Hidrograf
Hidrograf Satuan
Analisis Frekuensi
Penelusuran banjir

Kontrak Pembelajaran
Terlambat maks.
Tempat duduk
Penilaian:
tugas+quiz
ujian mid
Sifat ujian

: 15 menit
: paling depan
harus diisi
:
:
:

20%
30%
buku tertutup

Pustaka
Applied Hydrology Chow, et.al., 1988
Hidrologi:
Teori,
Masalah
dan
Penyelesaian (Sri Harto Br., 2000)
Handbook of Hydrology (Maidment,
et al., 1993)
Engineering Hydrology (Ponce, 1989)
sumber lain: internet...

Banjir

Banjir

Tanah
longsor

Bendungan

Bendung

Jembatan

Kekeringan

Kebutuhan Air

Banjir

Hujan-aliran

Transformasi hujan-aliran

hujan = 90.48mm

limpasan langsung
= 29.16mm

URBANISASI

Penduduk
meningkat
Limbah
meningkat

Sarana/prasarana
meningkat

Air baku/DMI
meningkat

Lap. kedap air

meningkat

sistem drainasi
berubah

Pengisian air
tanah menurun

runoff volume
meningkat

Kecepatan aliran
meningkat

Aliran dasar
menurun

Debit puncak
meningkat

Lag time, time base

menurun

Masalah
Masalah
SDA
SDA

Kualitas air
menurun

Masalah
Masalah
pengendalian
pengendalianpolusi
polusi

Masalah
Masalah
pengendalian
pengendalianbanjir
banjir

Siklus Hidrologi

Hydrologic cycle
Hydrologic cycle/water
cycle describes the
existence and
movement of water on,
in, and above the Earth
The hydrologic cycle, or
water cycle, is the cycling
of water through the earth
system.

The ocean as a storehouse of water

Distribution of Earth`s Water

Evaporation: The process

by which water is changed
from liquid to a gas or
vapor

Studies have shown that the oceans, seas, lakes, and

rivers provide nearly 90 percent of the moisture in our
atmosphere via evaporation, with the remaining 10
percent being contributed by plant transpiration.

Evapotranspiration: The
process by which water
vapor is discharged to the
atmosphere as a result of
evaporation from the soil
and transpiration by plants.
Transpiration: The release of
water from plant leaves

Water storage in the

atmosphere: Water stored
in the atmosphere as
vapor, such as clouds
and humidity

Condensation: The process by which water is

changed from vapor to liquid

Precipitation is water
released from clouds in
the form of rain, freezing
rain, sleet, snow, or hail..
Most precipitation falls as
rain.
Precipitation rates vary geographically and over time

Precipitation rates vary geographically and over time

Surface runoff:
Precipitation
runoff which
travels over the
soil surface to the
nearest stream
channel

Watersheds and rivers

A watershed (catchment area, river basin)
is the area of land where all of the water
that falls in it and drains off of it goes into
the same place (control point at a river).
A catchment boundary can be determined
through topography map.

Watersheds and rivers

Watersheds and rivers

https://thekoist.files.wordpress.com/2012/08/aliran-sungai-di-lembah.png

Watersheds and rivers

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/105107122/modules/module5/html/109.htm

http://www.ipswich.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/8810/activity_sheet_1_und
erstanding_catchments.pdf
, diakses 27 Agustus 2015

Streamflow: The movement of water in a

natural channel, such as a river

Streamflow
is always
changing

Ground-water
discharge: The
movement of water
out of the ground

Spring: Place where a

concentrated
discharge of ground
water flows at the
ground surface

Infiltration: The downward movement of water

from the land surface into soil or porous rock

Infiltration is
controlled by
soil texture,
soil structure,
vegetation and
soil moisture
status.

Precipitation
Precipitation

Evaporation
Evaporation

Interception
Interception

Evaporation
Evaporation

Channel
ChannelPrecipitation
Precipitation

Depresion
Depresionstorage
storage

Surface
Surfacerunoff
runoff

Infiltration
Infiltration

Soil
Soilmoisture
moisture

Ground
Groundwater
water

Interflow
Interflow

CC
hh
aa
nn
nn
ee
ll
ss
tt
oo
rr
aa
gg
ee

Ground
Groundwater
waterflow
flow

Hydrologic cycle components

Stream
Stream
flow
flow

Transformasi hujan-aliran
Hujan
efektif/
excess
rainfall

Hidrograf
limpasan
langsung

Transform
method

HUJAN

Abstraksi/
Loss

Aliran
dasar
Hidrograf
total

The Water Balance

The water balance is an accounting of the inputs
and outputs of water.
The water balance of a place, whether it be an
agricultural field, watershed, or continent, can be
determined by calculating the input, output, and
storage changes of water at the Earth's surface.

I, Input (rainfall)

O, Output (runoff)

I - O = dS/dt

Simple hydrologic system

 inflow

outflow
P

SR

GWF

land

ocean
P
E
GWF
SR

=
=
=
=

rainfall
evaporation
ground water flow
surface runoff

Water balance at land:

S = I - O
= P - (E + GWF + SR)
P = E + GWF + SR + S
water balance at ocean:
S = I - O
= (P + GWF + SR) - E
P = E - GWF - SR + S

where
P
E
SR
GWF
S

= rainfall
= evaporation
= surface runoff
= ground water flow
= change of storage

Water balance at paddy field

http://www.ce.utexas.edu/prof/maidment

Credit

Saldo
Rp
Debit