Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TEXTILES
Textile is a sheet of fibrous material
which possesses some outstanding
properties such as warmth, moisture
absorption,
handle,
softeness,
silkiness, strength, serviceability and
good appearance (aesthetic look)
FIBRES
A Fibre is one which is plyable
continuous or discontinuous
having a very high ratio between
length and width 1:1,00,000
YARNS
Yarn is a twisted arrangement of
fibre assembly which has received
final attenuation
STAPLE
Staple is a parallel assembly of fibres
FILAMENT
Filament is a continuous fibre having a length of
several thousand metres.
STAPLE FIBRE
Staple fibre is a discontinuous fibre e.g.cotton,
wool
NATURAL FIBRE
A fibre which is available from nature
CELLULOSIC FIBRE
Cellulosic fibre is one which is composed of
carbon, hydrogen and oxygen i.e glucose
molecules (e.g.)cotton,viscose & polynosic
PROTEIN FIBRE
A
fibre
composed
of
carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen
molecules i.e. protein polymer
MINERAL FIBRE
A fibre produced from earth e.g.
asbestos & metal threads
VEGETALE FIBRE
Fibres are produced from vegetable
origin e.g. cotton, linen, jute, ramie
ANIMAL FIBRES
Fibres which are produced from
animals such as sheep e.g. wool,
silk,camel hair
MAN-MADE FIBRES
Man-made fibres are produced from
fibre forming polymers which are
converted into fibres after several
chemical treatments and spun by
wet, dry and melt spinning
techniques.
REGENERATED FIRBES
Regenerated fibres are the fibres which
are produced from the fibre forming
substances available from nature after
purification and spinning e.g. viscose,
polynosic rayon
SYNTHETIC FIBRES
Synthetic fibres are the fibres which are
produced from petro chemicals such as
ethylene, acetylene, propylene, benzene,
ammonia and xylene
SYNTHESIS
It is a process in which several molecules
of different elements are combined i.e. it is
a process of combination.
POLYMERISATION
Polymerisation is a process in which
several molecules of same monomer or
different monomers are combined to form
a giant size molecule having a very high
molecular weight.
ADDITION POLYMER
A
product
produced
out
of
polymerisation
is
called
polymer.
Addition
polymer
is
the
polymer
produced from the same monomer i.e.
polyethylele, polypropylene
CONDENSATION POLYMER
A polymer produced from two different
monomers with the elimination of water
or any other component e.g. polyester,
nylon
ELASTOMERIC FIBRE
A fibre which posses very high elongation
i.e.500% to 700% e.g. polyurethene,
polyethene (spandex)
YARNS
Yarn is the twisted assembly of fibres
Hosiery (knitting) yarn:
Hosiery yarn is a soft twisted yarn used
for making the knitted fabrics
Less twist in the yarn gives softness and
less snarling
WEFT YARN
Weft yarn is a yarn used in the cross
wise direction of the fabric in the
manufacture of woven fabric.
It
possesses slightly higher twist than
hosiery yarn i.e. 15% to 20% more
than knitting yarn
WARP YARN
Warp yarn is a yarn used in
longitudinal direction of the fabric
which possesses very good strength.
This yarn is given about 30% more
twist than hosiery yarn
BLENDED YARN
Blended yarn is one which is produced by
means of combing two different fibres from
two different sources
Polyester / Cotton yarn
Polyester / Cotton yarn
Polyester / Cotton yarn
Polyester / Cotton yarn
FANCY YARNS
Fancy yarn is one which contains some
special effects such as slub, nep, flame and
knops in the yarn
i.e. to make the fabrics attractive
PROCESS
SPINNING
Spinning is converted into yarn
WEAVING
Weaving is a process of interlacing yarn in the
manufacture of fabrics
KINTTING
Knitting is a process of looping the yarn into
fabrics
NON-WOVEN
Non-woven is a process in which the fabric is
produced by means of bonding techniques
PROCESS
PROCESSING
Processing means the grey fabric is
converted into a finished fabric by means of
scoring , bleaching, dyeing, printing and
finishing
GREY FABRIC
Grey fabric is the fabric produced from
loom i.e. loom state fabric
FINISHED FARBIC
Finished fabric is one which is dyed and
printed. This is ready for garment making
GINNING
BLOWROOM
It is a sequence of opening and cleaning
machines connected one after the other to clean
the cotton fibres
CARDING
It is also a process of cleaning in which the
fibres are opened, cleaned, drafted, separated,
individualized and finally made into a rope form
assembly of fibres called sliver
COMBING
Combing is a process of short fibre removal
DRAWING
Drawing is a process of improving the evenness
i.e.uniformity
ROVING(SIMPLEX)
It is a process of size reduction i..e reduction
process
RING SPINNING
It is a process of making yarn using a machine
called ring spinning
AUTO CONEWINDING
It is a finishing process where the yarn is wound
on a cone package to improve the efficiency of
subsequent processes in the manufacture of fabrics
REELING
Reeling is a process in which the yarn is wound for
a length of 1680 yards or more to produce fabrics
in the handloom sector
WOVEN FABRIC
WARPING
It is a process in which a sheet of yarn is made from
500 to 600 ends and wound on the beam for a length
of about 15000 -30000 metres.
PIRN WINDING
It is a machine which is used to wind the weft yarn
on a pirn.
SIZING
Sizing is a process in which the warp sheet is coated
with adhesive solution (i.e. starch)
stop
yarn are
HANDLOOM
Handloom is the loom operated by hand & legs
POWERLOOM
It is operated by electronic motor
SHUTTLELOOM
A shuttle loom is one which produces fabric using a shuttle.