In the

name of
supreme
being

DUALFUEL ENGINES

Gathered by:
Ali Eidi Ahmadabad
Ali Mohamadi Rashtin
Amin Mohamadi

Composition
1.Biomethane as vehicle fuel
Energy Independency,
Environmental benefits
2.Gas vehivle a brief history
3.Dual fuel, Technology,
advantage and

Oil depedency

Limited supply of
fossil fuel

By 2025, we need to
find, devolope and
produce a volume of
new oil and Gas that
equal 8 out of every
10 barrels produced
today.

Possible fuels

Advantages using CNG

The most environmental friendly

fuel
Cost efficient
Up to 60 000 new jobs
Health benefits
Independency
One solution to several problems

The ignition temperature for natural

gas is higher than for gasoline and
diesel fuel.
Natural gas is lighter than air and
will dissipate upward rapidly if a
rupture occurs.
Gasoline and diesel will pool on the
ground, increasing the danger of
fire.
Compressed natural gas is non-toxic
and
will
not
contaminate
groundwater if spilled.

Engine emission result

CNG lean burn fuel consumption

Disadvantage of
biomethane

New unreliable technology

Dangerous
Vehicle range
Fuel storage
Infrastructure costs
Ensuring sufficient supply.

Dangerous.

Some solvation for

above problem
Those can be overcome by:
The proper design
Fuel management
Exhaust treatment
techniques

History

A brief history

There were many experiments

with gas engines in the 19th
century but the first practical
gas fuelled
internal-combustion engine was
built by the Belgian engineer
tienne Lenoir in 1860.
However, the Lenoir engine
suffered from a low power

His work was further

researched and improved by
a German engineer Nikolaus
August Otto, who was later
to invent the first 4-stroke
engine to efficiently burn
fuel directly in a piston
chamber.

In August 1864 Otto met

Eugen Langen who, being
technically trained, glimpsed
the potential of Otto's
development, and one month
after the meeting, founded
the first engine factory in the
world, NA Otto & Cie, in
Cologne.

In 1867 Otto patented

his improved design
and it was awarded the
Grand Prize at the 1867
Paris World Exhibition.

How does a gas vehicle work

Integrated gas canisters

High pressure (200 bar)
Pressure regulator valves
cylinders
Fuel consumption measured
in m3 (or kg)

The fuel injectors must be

disabled when the engine is
running on gas, although fuel
must still flow to the
injectors and then pass
directly to the return fuel line
to provide cooling.

Gas injection system of

CNG

According to the poulton

The bi-fuel engines of the spark

ignition petrol engines is of all
sizes can be converted to
natural gas by the fitting of a
gas carburetor / mixer,
regulator, shut-off valves,
control system and fuel storage
tanks.

The converted CNG engines

suffer from

Power loss
encounter driveability
problems
Lower fuel efficiency
Methane gas not always
available

In performance terms the

converted bi-fuel engine will
generally have a 15-20 percent
maximum power reduction than
that for the petrol version.
A further disadvantage of
methane is that it is a
greenhouse gas with a warming
forcing factor many times

That of the principal

greenhouse gas, CO2, gas
leakage or vehicular
emission, will have an
impact on the overall
greenhouse gas(GHG)
emissions.

Power curves on gasoline and

natural gas

A example of that

A 15-20 percent loss in thermal

efficiency was reported in a
dual-fuel
heavy-duty
truck
demonstration
in
Canada,
where natural gas provided 60
percent of the total fuel
requirement during dual-fuel
operation.

Application

Production of electricity

Trains

Buses

Tractors

Lorries

Maritime application

Gas as a fuel
characteristics

Gas refueling

According to poulton
there are two refueling
modes with CNG :
The first is fast fill
The second is slow fill

Fast fill

Fast fill normally requires some

buffer high pressure (25 MPa)
storage at the refueling station
although an alternative is to use a
compressor sized to fill vehicles
directly without intermediate (or
cascade) storage.
A typical medium-sized
refueling station with a compressor
output around of 300 m3/hour would

be capable of servicing 30 buses

or 300 cars over a 12-hour period.

Slow fill

The slow fill is where one or more

vehicles are connected directly to a
low pressure supply via a compressor
over relatively long time periods
without the high pressure buffer
storage facility.
For many fleet operations the
refueling installation will be located at
the fleet garage with trickle fill
dispensers located adjacent to the
vehicle parking spaces.

Conclusion
CNG is attractive for five
reasons:
1)It is the only fuel cheaper than
gasoline or diesel.
2)It has inherently lower air
pollution emissions.
3)It has lower greenhouse gas
emissions.

4) Its use extends petroleum

supplies
5)there are large quantities of
the fuel available in the world.
There are several major
problems needed to be
solved when using natural
gas engines:

1) There is the set point for

the best compromise between
emissions and fuel economy is
not clear.
2)The optimum airfuel ratio
changes with both operating
conditions and fuel
properties.

No single
issue is as
fundamental to
our future as
energy

The End